Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 04.djvu/252

 GARDINER

GARDINER

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Roljinsou. He was transferred to the regular service as 2d lieuteuant, 9th U.S. iufantry, July 30, lti66, and served on the staff of General Fes^ seuden at Baltimore, Md., from June to August, 1860. He then served on the staffs of Generals Butterfield and Reeve and was promoted 1st lieutenant, Feb. 14, 1868, and was transferred to the 1st U.S. artillery, April 3, 1809. He was bre vetted 1st lieutenant, U.S.A., for "gallant and distinguished services in the field during the Gettysburg campaign of 1803 " and captain, U.S.A., for " gallant and meritorious services in the field during the war," to rank from Marcli 3, 1867. In 1885 he was ordered by the secretary of war to prepare a suitable text-book for the corps of cadets at the US. military academy on the suV),ject of military and martial law and the practice and procedure of military tribunals and l)oards under the laws of the United States and the laws of nations. He was assistant to the secre- tary of vv'ar in his office, 1887-88, serv- ing meanwhile on the staffs of Generals Sherman and Hancock, and was honora- bly discharged, Dec. 8, 1888, by reason of disability contracted in the line of duty. He was elected district attorney of New York in November, 1897, by a plurality of 80,000 over his next competitor. He became a member of the American ethnological and the Now York historical societies and in 1867 a com- panion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. He was one of the incorporators of the Military service institution and a founder and incorjiorator in 1873 of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution. He served as secretary -general of the Society of the Cincinnati from May, 1884; as vice-president of the Rhode Island society of the Cincinnati and as vice commandant of the military society of the war of 1812 and of the Veteran corps of artillery. He was also elected a member of the Union, Metropolitan, West Point, Democi'atic, Seventh Regiment, Veteran and C^iurch clubs, of New York city. He received the degree of A.M. from the College of the city of New York, in course, in 1863, the honoi'ary degree of A.M. from Dart- mouth college in 1864 and from Columbia college in 1869; that of LL.D. from the Uni- versity of the city of New York in 1875 and that of L.H.D. from Hobart college, N.Y., in 1896. He is the author of; JurUdktion and Forcers of the United States and State Courts in Beferenee to Writs of Habeas Corpus as Affecting the Army and

Nary; Evidence and Practice in Military Courts; Practical Forms for Use in Courts Martial and Tiemarks as to Procedure; and numerous historical addresses published in pamphlet form.

GARDINER, Frederic, clergj-man, was born in Gardiner, Maine, Sept. 11. 1822; son of the Hon. Robert Hallowell and Emma J. (Tudor) Gardiner. He was a student at Hobart college for one year; was graduated at Bowdoin in 1842, attended the General theological seminary, and was ordained in 1845. He was rector at Saoo, Maine, 1845-47; assistant rector at St. Luke's, Philadelphia,, 1847-48; rector at Bath, Maine, 1848-53; was in Europe, 1854-55, and rector at Lewiston, Maine, 1855-56. He was married in 1846 to Caroline, daughter of Col. William Oliver Vaughan. He was an assistant to Bishop Bur- gess, at Christ church, Gardiner, Maine, 1856-60; a jirofessor in the Diocesan theological school, Gardiner, 1861; and took a course in chemistry under Charles W. Eliot at Harvard, 1863. He held the chair of literature and interpretation of the scripture, together with that of Christian evi- dences in Gambler (Ohio) theological seminary, 1865-66, and was professor of natural philosophy in Kenyon college, 1866-67. He was associate rector at Middletown, Conn., 1867-68; and pro- fessor of Old Testanrent literature and evidences, 1868-83, and of New Testament interpretation and literature, and evidence, and also librarian, 1883-89, at Berkeley divinity school. He founded the society of Biblical literature and exegesis in 1880; and was president of the Middletown scien- tific association, 1869-89. He received the degree of S.T.D. from Kenyon college in 1869 and that of D. D. from Trinity in 1870. His published works include: The Island of Life (1851); Com- mentary on the Epistle of St. Jade (1856); Harmony of the Gospels in Greek (1871, 7th ed., 1884); Har- mony of the Gospels in English (1871); Diatessaron; the Life of our Lord in the Works of the Gospels (1871); Religion and Chemistry, lectures delivered at the Brooklyn institute (1868); The Principles of Textual Crftidsm (1876); The Old and New Testaments in Their Mutucd Pelations (1885); and Aids to Scripture Study (1890). He also contrib- uted exegetical works for commentaries. He died in Middletown. Conn., July 17, 1889.

GARDINER, John Sylvester John, clergy- man, was born in Haverfordwest, southern Wales, in June, 1765. His father, John Gardiner (1731- 1793), was a native of Boston, educated as a law- yer in London, practised there and in Wales, was attorney -general in St. Christopher, West Indies, 176Q-83; returned to Boston in 1783, removing to Pownalboro, Maine, whence he was a representative in the Massachusetts legis- lature, 1788-93, and was prominent in changing King's chapel, Boston, from an Episcopal to