Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 04.djvu/161

 FORBES

FORCE

fessor of zoology in the State noi'mal university, 1875-78; in 1883 was ai^ijoiuted state entomologist of Illinois, and in 1884 became professor of zoology and entomology in the University of Illinois. In 1888 he was made dean of the college of science in that institution, and in 1894 founded and be- came director of the lUiuois biological station. He was for many years secretary of the Illinois state natural histoiy society; was president of the Cambridge (JIass. ) entomological club; a member of the ^Vmerican ornithological union, and of the Society for the promotion of agricultu- ral science. He organized, in 1888, and became president of the natural science division of the State teachers' association. lu 1890 he was charged by the U.S. fish commission with the investigation of the lower aquatic animal life of the waters of the northern Mississippi valley, of the Yellowstone Park, and the mountain region of Montana. His published papers are chiefly included in his reports as state entomologist; in the Bulletins of the State laboratory of natural histor}', and of the United States Fish commis- sions. He also published: Studies of the Food of Birds, Fishes and Jmects (1883); and Studies of the Contagious Diseases of Insects (1886), and numer- ous contributions to scientific periodicals.

FORBES, William Hathaway, merchant, was born in Milton, Mass., Nov. 1, 1840; son of John Murray and Sarah Swain (Hathaway) Forbes. He entered Harvard with the class of 1801, and left during his first junior term. He went into business in Boston in 1861, and on December 26 of that year was commissioned 2d lieutenant of Company E, 1st Massachusetts cav- alry. He served in South Carolina until July,

1862, afterward joining the Army of the Potomac. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, Aug. 16, 1862; captain in the 2d Massachusetts cavalry, Jan. 1,

1863, and major, June 20, 1863. On July 6, 1864, lie was captured by a party under Col. Jolin S. Mosby, the Confederate guerilla chieftain, at Aldie, Va., and was lield as a prisoner of war until Dec. 10, 1864, being confined first in Charles- ton prison and later at Columbia, S.C. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, Oct. 28, 1864, and was honorablj' discharged. May 15, 1865. He was married Oct. 3, 1805, to Edith, daughter of Ralph Waldo Enierson, and was engaged in busi- ness in Boston until 1887. He was one of the founders of the American Bell telephone com- pany in 1878, and its ju-esident mitil 1887. He received the degree of A.B. from Harvard in 1872 by vote of the corporation. He died on Naushon Island, Buzzard's Bay. Jlass., Oct. 10, 1897.

FORCE, Manning Ferguson, soldier, was born in "Washington. D.C., Dec. 17, 1824; son of Peter and Hannah (Evans) Force. He was grad- uated at Harvard, A.B., 1845; LL.B., 1848, and

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removed to Ohio in 1849, where he established himself in the practice of law in Cincinnati. On the outbreak of the civil war he joined the Union army as major of the 20th Ohio volunteers, was promoted lieutenant- colonel, and was with Grant's army at Fort Donelson and at Shiloh. He was made colonel of his regi- ment, made the cam- paign of southwestern Tennessee and north Mississippi with Cfen- eral Grant, 1802-03, and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, Aug. 11, 1803, for services at the siege of Vicks- burg. Pie commanded a brigade in Sherman's army in the Meridian and Atlanta campaigns, and the march to the sea, and commanded a division in the camiiaign of the Carolinas. He was severely woimded before Atlanta; was brevetted major- general of volunteers, March 13, 1805, and re- turned to Mississippi as commander of a military district, where he remained till mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan. 11, 1800. He then returned to Cincinnati, where he was judge of the court of common pleas, 1807-77, of the superior court, 1877-87, and superintendent of the soldiers' home at Sandusky, Ohio, 1887-99. He was a student of archaeology, a historical and biographical writer, a recorder of incidents of the civil war; author of General Sherman in "Great Commanders series " (1899), and an authority on and editor of works on American civil and crim- inal law. He was a corresponding member of the Massachusetts historical society; a fellow of the American academy of arts and sciences; and corresponding member of the JIadrid RealAcade- mia de la Historia. He received the degree of LL.D. from Marietta in 1884. He died at Soldiers' Home, Sandusky, Ohio, May 8, 1899.

FORCE, Peter, historian, was born at Pas- saic Falls, N.J., Nov. 26, 1790; son of William and Sarah (Ferguson) Force; grandson of Man- ning and Lucretia (Winchell) Force, and great- grandson of Obadiah and (Manning) Force.

His parents removed first to New Paltz, N.Y., and subsequently to New York city, where upon leaving scliool, Peter learned the trade of printer, and in 1813 was pi-esident of the New York typo- graphical .society. He removed to Washington, D.C., in November, 1815, with his employer, W. A. Davis, to carry out a government printing con- tract. He compiled and printed the Biennial Beijister, 1820-28; the National Calendar, 1822-36;