Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 03.djvu/99

 GUSHING

GUSHING

state representative from Xe-wbiirvport. He appealed to the Massachusetts legislatui-e to appropriate $20,000 to equip a regiment of volun- teers for the Mexican war. Failing to obtain the appropriation, he, with the aid of friends, contrib- uted the sum needed, and he went to Mexico as colonel of the regiment, being promoted briga- dier-general soon after his arrival at the seat of war. While in Mexico he was nominated by the Democrats of Massachusetts for governor of the state and was again nominated in 1848, but in both elections was defeated by George N. Briggs, the Whig candidate. In 1850 he was again a mem- ber of the state legislature and was mayor of, Newburyport, 1851-52. He was appointed an addi- tional justice of the supreme court of the state in 1852 and on March -4, 1853, he was appointed by President Pierce attorney -general in his cabinet. At the close of the Pierce administration he was state representative from Newburyport three successive terms. At the meeting of the Demo- cratic national convention in Gharleston, S.G., April, 1860, Mr. Gushing was made permanent chairman and left the convention with the other northern Democrats who subsequently met in Baltimore, Md., and nominated Stephen A. Douglas as their candidate for the presidency. President Buchanan appointed him in December, 1860, a confidential commissioner to South Garo- lina to determine the disposition of the people toward reconciliation. He supported the admin- istration oE Mr. Lincoln, offering his services to Governor Andrew " in any capacity, however humble, in which it may be possible for me to contribute to the public weal in the present critical emergency," and was entrusted with various confidential missions both by the Presi- dent and by the cabinet officials at Washington. In 1866 he was a member of the commission ap- pointed to revise and codify the laws of congress. He was .sent to Bogota, S. A., in 1868, by Secretary Seward, to negotiate with the United States of Golombia, and successfully accomplished the mission. He was with Morrison Waite and AVilliam M. Evarts counsel for the United States at Geneva in 1871 in settling the Alabama claims. In 1873, upon the death of Ghief Justice Ghase, President Grant appointed Mr. Gushing chief justice of the United States, but his name was not favorably received by the senate and before a vote was taken Mr. Gushing declined the appointment. He was U.S. minister to Spain, 1874-77. He was married in 1823 to Garoline, daughter of Judge Wilde of the Massachusetts supreme court. He received from Harvard the degree of A:M. in 1820 and that of LL.D. in 1852. He was an overseer of Harvard, 1852-56, and was a member of the Massacliusetts historical society and a fellow of the American academy of arts and

sciences. Among his works are : History of the Town of Newburyport (1826;; The Practical Princi- ples of Political Economy (1826) ; Historical and Political Review of the Late Revolution in France (2 vols., 1833); Beminiscences of Spain (2 vols., 1833) ; Growth and Territorial Progress of the United States (1839) ; Life of William H. Harrison (1840) and The Treaty of Washington (1873); and fre- quent contributions to magazines and reviews. He died in Newburyport, Mass., Jan. 2, 1879.

CUSHINQ, Edmund Lambert, jurist," was born in Lunenburg, Mass., May 3, 1807; son of Edmund and Molly (Stearns) Gushing ; grandson of Gharles and Hannah Gushing; great-grandson of Jacob and Mary Gushing; great ^ grandson of Matthew and Deborah (Jacob) Gushing; great' grandson of Jolm and Sarah (Hawke) Gushing; and great* grandson of Matthew and Nazareth (Pitcher) Gushing, who emigrated from Hing- ham, England, to Hingham, Mass., in 1638. He Avas graduated at Harvard in 1827, remained there as tutor, 1828-29, and in 1834 was admitted to the bar. He practised in Massachusetts until 1840, when he removed to Gharlestown, N.H. He soon became prominent in local affairs and was chosen representative in the state legislature in 1850, 1852 and 1853. In 1855 he was appointed a circuit justice of the court of common pleas. On the abolition of this office he declined a judgesJ:ip in the new court of com.mon pleas. In 1874 he Avas made chief justice of the supreme judicial court of New Hampshire, which office he retained for two years. He was married in 1835 to Laura E., daughter of Vryling Lovell of Gharlestown, N.H. His second wife was Martlia R., daughter of Gapt. James Gilchrist of Gharlestown. In 1875 Harvard college conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. He edited the' fifth edition of Luther Stearns Gushing's Manual of Parliamentary Practice with, original notes (1874). He died in Gharlestown, N.H., June 4, 1883.

CUSHINQ, Frank Hamilton, ethnologist, was born in North East, Pa., July 22, 1857. He began to collect relics, fossils and minerals wlien eight years old and continued his research after his father had removed to Medina, N.Y., in 1870, in a field rich with material. He extended liis in- vestigations to the ancient fortifications, burial grounds and camp-sites of Madison and Onondaga counties. He entered Cornell university in 1875, but devoted his time to assisting Dr. Gharles Rau in preparing the Indian collections of tlie Na- tional mtiseum for the Gentennial exjwsition and was curator of the entire collection throughout the exhibition, after which he became curator of the ethnological department of the National museum, Washington, D.G. In 1879 he joined Maj. J. W. Powell, U.S.A., in his expedition to New Mexico, as assistant of the U.S. bureau of