Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 03.djvu/67

 Cheyenne Indians in two engagements at Pow- der River, destroying over one hundred lodges. In June he won his third victory at Tongue River and a few days after, at Rose Bud, his masterly exploit so incensed the Sioux that they massed eleven tribes and at Little Big Horn massacred Custer with two hundred and seventy- seven troopers. Reinforcements were then sent to Crook, who pursued the Indians, driving them out of their fastnesses, and by May, 1877, he had succeeded in subduing the Indians of the entire northwest. In 1882 he was ordered to Arizona to meet a threatened outbreak of the Apaches. Arriving there he found the cause of the trouble to have been encroachments upon the reservations by Mormons, squatters, miners and stock raisers, and after driving off the white marauders he reinstated the Indians. In 1883 he was sent to the northern boundary of Mexico to put a stop to repeated raids by the Chiricahua Indians. He adopted a method of warfare un- usual in dealing with hostile tribes, and instead of pursuing them on their trail, followed it back to their camps, captured the women and children left in the fastnesses, and patiently waiting, captured the Indians on their return with their booty. In this way, with a single company of U.S. troops, supported by 200 Apache scouts armed with rifles, he marched 200 miles into Mexican territory, captured the horses and plun- der and made 375 Indians prisoners of war, re- turning with them to Arizona. The goveriunent then for two years left Indian affairs entirely in the hands of General Crook and no hostilities ensued. He abolished trading, set tlie Chiricahua Indians at work on farms, paying them in cash for supplies needed by the armj', a"nd within three years the captured Indians were self- supporting. In 1885, when a second -outbreak took form, less thai^ one-fourth of the^e braves joined in the revolt. General Crook was pro- moted major-general, April 6, 1888, and com- manded the department of the Missouri with headquarters at Chicago. He died in Chicago, 111., March 21, 1890.

CROOKE, Philip St. John, representative, was born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., March 2, 1810. He was educated at Dutchess county academy and was admitted to the bar in New York city in 1831. In 1838 he removed to Flatbush, Kings county, N.Y. He was a Democratic presidential elector in 1852; supervisor of Kings county, 1844-45, and 1858-70, serving as chairman of the board in 1861, 1862, 1864 and 1865; a member of the New York assembly in 1863 ; and served forty years in the New York state militia, rising to the rank of brigadier-general and commanding the 5th brigade in Pennsylvania, June and July, 1863. He was a Republican representative from

Kings county in the 43d congress, 1873-75. He died in Flatbush, N.Y.. March 17, 1881.

CROOKS, George Richard, educator, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 3, 1822. He was grad- uated at Dickinson college in 1840 ; was assistant in the grammar school of Dickinson college, 1841-43; principal, 1843-45; and adjunct pro- fessor of Latin and Greek at Dickinson college, 1846-47. He then officiated as pastor of various M.E. churches in the Philadelphia conference, 1848-57; in the New York east conference, 1857- 76; and in the New York conference. 1876-81, He was editor of the New York Methodist, 1860- 75, and profes.sor of historical theology- in Drew theological seminary, 1881-97. He was married, July 10, 1846, to Susan Frances, daughter of John Emory, M.E. bishop. He received from Dickin- son college the degree of D.D. in 1857 and that of LL.D. in 1873. He is the author of First Book in Latin (1846) ; First Book in Greek (1847) ; But- ler's Analogy with analysis of the work, notes, index and life of Butler (1852) ; Latin-English Lexicon with Professor Ichem (1858); Life of the Rev. Dr. John McClintock (1876); Sermons of Bishop Matthew Simpson edited from Short-hand Reports (1885) ; Life of Bishop Matthew Simpson (1890) ; and The History of the Christian Church (1898). He was also joint editor with Bishop Hurst of Theo- logical Encyclopædia and Methodology (1884). He died at Madison, N.J., Feb. 20, 1897.

CROPSEY, Jasper Francis, artist, was born at Westfield, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1823; son of Jacob Kezeau and Elizabeth Hilyer (Cortelyou) Crop- sey; and grandson of Harmon Cropsey. His paternal great-grandfather came from Holland, and his mother's family were French Huguenots, but his father and mother were born on Staten Island, N.Y. His educa- tion was acquired at the country schools near his home, and in after years chiefly by self-culture. At the age of thirteen he received a di- ploma from Mechanics' insti- tute ''for a weU-executed model of a house,"' also one from the American institute for the same model, which attracted so much atten- tion at the time of its exhibition in 1837, that he was called the "Boy that built the House,"' and secured a position in the office of Joseph Trench, an architect of prominence, with whom he studied, 1837-42. Shortly after entering the office he received a diploma from the American

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