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of South Carolina for life, serving througli the war of 1813-15. He was returned from Pendleton a member of the nullification convention of 1832- 33, and acted as vice-chairman of "the select com- mittee of twenty-one " which reported the ordinance, and by resolution of the convention was one of the first seven who signed, that honor being given to delegates who had borne arms in the war of the American Ee volution. Under his escort. Senator Benjamin Watkins Leigh, the Virginia commis-

sioner, entered and was introduced to the last convention, initi- those measures pacification which happily averted the trouble of the period. He married, first, Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Elinor Taylor, Sept. 11, 1791, and had five sons an.i five daughters; secondly, Mrs. Nancy A. Douglas, Dec. 16, 1816, and had one daughter. He died in what is now Anderson county, S.C., Feb. 3, 1863.

EARLE, Joseph Haynsworth, senator, was born at Greenville, S.C., April 30, 1847; .son of Elias Draj^ton and Susan C. (Haynsworth) Earle; grandson of George W. and Elizabeth R. (Earle) Earle ; and great-grandson of John and Thomas- ine (Prince) Earle. Left an orphan at five, he was taken by mater- nal relatives to Sum- ter. In July, 1864, he enlisted in Charles's battery, Kemper's ar- tillery; attained the grade of sergeant and surrendered with Johnston in 1865. He resumed his educa- tion at Furman university ; taught in Clarendon and Chick's Springs, stud- ied law and was to the bar admitted in 1870, practising at An- derson and removing to Sumter in 1875. He was a state representative, 1878-83; state sen- ator, 1883-86; a delegate to the Democratic national conventions of 1880 and 1884; was twice elected attorney-general of the state, 1886 and 1890; and was offered the nomination for gov- ernor by the refcrm element of his party in 1888, and could have been elected but declined it, and

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running in opposition as a Conservative in 1890,. was defeated in primaries and convention. In 1893 he removed to Greenville. By a legislature of his old opponents he was elected to the judge- ship of the 8th circuit, serving 1894-97. He was the choice of the primary, Sept. 8, 1896, for U.S. senator, and was unanimously elected by the leg- islature, JaG. 26, 1897, taking his seat at the extra session March 15. He married, Aug. 19, 1869, his third cousin, Annie Wilton, daughter of John Baylis Earle, and had three sons and five daugh- ters. He died at Greenville, S.C, May 20, 1897.

EARLE, Pliny, inventor, was born in Leices- ter, Mass.. Dec. 17, 1763; .son of Robert and Sarah (Hunt) Earle; grandson of Robert and Mary (Newhall) Earle; great-grandson of Ralph and Mary (Hicks) Earle; great^ grandson of William and Mary (Walker) Earle; and great^ grandson of Ralph Earle, who with his wife Joan came from England about 1634, and was one of the original twentj^ colonists of Rhode Island who successfully petitioned Charles I. for a charter in 1638. Pliny Earle in 1785, in company with Ed- mund Snow, engaged in the manufacture of wool and cotton hand-cards. In 1786 he established himself alone in business and in 1790 he made for Samuel Slater the first effectiAe cards for use on his newly constructed spinning frames. Their manufacture led to his invention of a machine for pricking "twilled" cards which greatly facili- tated their construction and advanced the manu- facture of cotton jarn. He was married in 1793 to Patience, a daughter of William and Lydia (Arnold) Buffum of Smithfield, R.I., and had two sons, Thomas, a Philadelphia, Pa., lawyer, and Pliny, a physician expert in the treatment of the insane. He died in Leicester, Mass, Nov. 19, 1833.

EARLE, Pliny, physician, was born at Leices- ter, Mass., Dec. 31, 1809; son of Pliny and Patience (Buflfum) Earle. He was educated at Friends school. Providence, R.I., where he also taught, 1838-39, and was principal, 1831-35. He was graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsj^lvania in 1837, and deciding to become a specialist in cases of insanity he visited the institutions of Europe, 1837-39, and again in 1849 and in 1871. He was resident phy- sician at the Friends asylum for the insane, Frankford, Pa., 1840-43, medical superintendent at the Bloomingdale asylum. New York citj', 1844—49, visiting physician of the New York city lunatic asylum, 1853-55, devoted two winters during the war to the care of insane soldiers at the government hospital, Washington, D.C.. was- professor of materia medica and psychology in the- Berkshire medical institution, 1863, and superin- tendent and physician-in-chief of the !Ma^sacIiu- setts state hospital for the insane, 1864-85. He was the first professor of mental diseases to oo-