Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 03.djvu/34

 CRAIG IE

CRAIK

I'±ik^/t4,

moted captain of the corps of engineers, March 8, lf?63. and received the brevet rank of lieuten- ant-colonel. March 13, lS6o, for faithful and meritorious service dxiring the civil war. and particularly for services in the defence of Cum- berland Gap and the ul- terior operations of Gen- eral Morgan's forces. [4 ■ He declined the brevet

rank of colonel offered him on the same dav. On Xov. 23, I860, he was ^ promoted major and was engaged as super- intending engineer in various places, 1S6.5-67, and as assistant to the chief of engineers at Washington, D.C., 1867-70. He was after- ward engaged in surveys and improvements in various parts of the country. He rep- resented the government in France a ad Great Britain, 1878 and 1889. in investigating the movable dams and other works of internal im- provement. He was promoted lieutenant-colo- nel, Jan. 2. 1881: colonel. Jan. 10, 1887, and brigadier-general, chief of engineers. May 10.189-5. In February, 1897, he was retired from active service. He was elected a member of the Amer- ican society of civil engineers: was a director, 1892-93, its president. 1894-9.5, and an honorary member from March 23, 1896. He was also elected tc membership in the American associa- tion for the advancement of science, and in the American economic association, and in June, 189.5. was made an honorary member of the Maryland historical society. Washington and Lee university conferred upon him the honoran*- degree of LL.D. in 1897. He is author of: Arrivj Officer's Pocket Companion (1862): and translator of Dufour's Strategy and Tactics (1864) : and (with Col. George H. Mendell) Jomini's The Art of irar ris62.

CRAIGIE, Pearl Richards, author, was born in Boston. Mass.. Xov. 3. 1867 : daughter of John Morgan Richards. She was taken in 1870 to London, where she took a course in classics and philosophy, and in 1887 married Reginald Wal- pole Craigie, from whom she obtained a divorce. with the custfxly of htr child, in is9.i. Under the pen-name John Oliver Hol>bt*s .-^he lias pub- lished, Some Emotions and a Moral (1891): A Study in Temptations (1893) : A Bundle of Life (1894) : The Gods. Some Mortals, and Lord Wick- enham (189.5) and Tl>e Vineyard (1903).

CRAIK, James, physician, was born at Arbig- land. Scotland, in 1730. He pursued a meJical

course for the purpose of becoming a surgeon in the British army, came to America in 17-50 and locate<i in Virginia. He was commissioned surgeon in Colonel Fry's Virginia regiment, March 7. 17-54. and served in the provisional army during the French and Indian wars. In 17.5.5 he was present at Braddtx^k's defeat, and dressed the wounds of that officer. In 1770 he accom- panied Wa.shington to the Ohio, and later settled at Port Tobacco. ]SId., but was persuaded by- Washington to remove to Alexandria, Va. In 1777 he was appointed assistant director-general in the hospital department of the army and served throughout the war. receiving from Vir- ginia 60«>3 acres of land for his services. In 1779. while on an exploring expedition in west- em Virginia, he heard from the lips of an old Indian chief the story of Washington's marvel- lous escape in the battle of Monongahela. The Indian assured Dr. Craik that he had fired his- rifle fifteen times at Washington, and had di- rected his young men to fire also. Dr. Craik was instrumental in detecting and giving warn- ing of the conspiracy of 1777 at Newburg. and was director-general of the hospital at Yorktown at the time of the surrender of Cornwallis. He was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland. He lived in Alexandria, the friend and physician of Washington — whom he at- tended in his last illness — until age compelled him to retire from practice, and he removed to Vaucluse. a part of the Ravensworth estate. In President Washington's will he left " To my compatriot in arms and old and intimate friend. Doctor Craik, I give my Bureau and the circular chair, an appendage of my study." The former, known as the Tamlx)ur secretary, was still in the possession of the family in 1899. Dr. Craik wa& married, Nov. 13. 1760. to Mariamne, daughter of Capt. Charles and Sarah (Ball) Ewell. and granddaughter of Charles Ewell. who came from England to Virginia in 1690 under con- tract t«^ build the state capitol at Williamsburg. Siirah (Ball) Ewell was a cousin of General Washington. Their son, William Craik, was a representative from Virginia in the 4th. •5th and 6th congresses. Another son. George Washing- ton Craik (bora Aug. 22, 1774: dieii in 1808), was for a time Washington's private secretary, and married Maria Dorcas, daughter of John and Catherine Tucker. Dr. Craik died at Vaucluse, Fairfax county. Va., Feb. 6, 1814.

CRAIK, James, clergyman, was born in Alex- andria. Va.. Aug. 31, 1806: son of George Wash- ington and Maria Dorcas (Tucker) Craik: and grandson of Dr. James and Mariamne (Ewell) Craik. He began to study medicine at Transyl- vania imiversity, Lexington. Ky.. but during hi& course he was persuaded by President Holler