Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/45

 BUCKLAND.

BUCKLEY.

set of stocking macliines, thirteen in number, which carry the guu stocks from the crude state in which they come from the mill to an advanced degree of finish. These stocking machines were inti'oduced into the national armory of England — men from the Sf)ringfield armory being em- ployed to operate them. Several other European governments adojjted not only these machines but also various other of Mr. Buckland's time and money-saving inventions. Upon his retire- ment, in 1859, the United States government voted him a grant of seventy thousand dollars, in recognition of its indebtedness, Mr. Buckland having previously received no comj^ensation beyond his daily wages for his many inventions. He died in Springfield, Mass., Feb. 26, 1891.

BUCKLAND, Ralph Pomeroy, soldier, was born at Leyden, Mass., Jan. 20, 1812. His parents moved to Ohio, where he received his education. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and com- menced practice at Fremont. In 1848 he was a delegate to the national Whig convention, and from 1855 to 1859 he was state senator. He en- tered the Union army in 1861 as colonel of the 72d Ohio A^olunteers, which he had organized, and at the battle of Shiloh he commanded the 4th brigade of Sherman's division, receiving pro- inotion to brigadier-general, Nov. 29, 1862, for gallantry on this occasion. He commanded a brigade in the 15th army corps at Vicksburg, was later assigned to the command of the dis- trict of Memphis, and was brevetted major- general of volunteers in March, 1865. In Janu- ary, 1865, he resigned his commission in the army in order to accept a seat in the 39th Congress as representative from his state, having been elected while in the field. He was re-elected in 1866 to the 40th Congress, and served on the conxmittees on banking, currency and militia. He was president of the board of managers of the Ohio soldiei's' and sailors' orjjhans' home at Xenia from 1867 to 1873, and the government director of the Union Pacific railroad from 1877 to 1880. He died at Fremont, Ohio, May 28, 1892.

BUCKLEY, James Monroe, editor, was born at Railway, N. J., Dec. 16, 1836. He studied at Pennington, N. J., and at Wesleyan uniA-ersitj-, leaving in his freshman year on account of ill- health. On partial recovery he studied divinity Tinder Dr. Nathaniel Laselle, at Exeter, N. H. He entered the New Hampsliire conference of the Metliodist Episcopal church on trial, 1859, and was stationed at Dover, Manchester and Con- cord. In 1863 he travelled in Europe and in November of that j^ear was tran.sferred to Detroit conference, and preached in Detroit, Mich., from 1864 to 1866; in Brooklyn, N. Y., and Stamford. Conn., 1866 to 1880. He studied medicine 1866-'69, and served on the medical committees of the

State lunatic hospitals of New Jerse3' for many years, and as president of the Methodist Episco- pal (Seney) hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y., from its foundation. He was a member of the general conference in 1872, 1876 and 1880, and a dele- gate to the ecumenical Methodist conference in London, 1881. In 1880 he became editor of the New York Christian Advocate, and was a mem- ber of every general conference and of the ecu- menical conference in 1891. He published: Appeals t<^ Men of Sense and Reflection, New York (1869); Two Weeks in the Yosemite Val- leii New York (1873); Supposed Miracles, Bos- ton (1875 j; Clii'istians and the Theatre, (1875); 0<(ts or Wild Oats, New York (1885); The Land of the Czar and the Nihilist, Boston (1SS6); Christian Science, Faith-Healing and Kindred Phenomena, and Travels in Three Continents. The degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Wesleyan university in 1869, and that of D.D. in 1872; Emory and Henry college, Va., gave him the degree of LL.D. in 1882.

BUCKLEY, Samuel Botsford, naturalist, was born in Torrey, Yates county, N. Y., May 9, 1809. He was graduated at the Wesleyan university in 1836, and the two years following were spent in travelling through the south and west, making botanical, geological, malacological and geodeti- cal investigations. In 1839-'40 he was principal of the academy at AUenton, Ala., and in 1842 extended his travels and investigations through the southern and western parts of the country, discovering a nearly complete skeleton of a zeuglodon, twenty-four new species of plants, and a new genus of shrub, which was afterward named " Buckleya " in his honor, by Professor Torrey. He spent some months of 1842-'43 in study at the New York college of physicians and surgeons, and in the same year he visited Florida, Avhere he discovered some tliirteen new species of shells. In 1858 he ascertained the altitude of several of the highest mountains in Tennessee and the Carolinas by means of the barometer. One of these peaks, Mt. Buckle3% in North Caro- lina, was named in his honor. In 1859-"60 he was engaged in collecting materials for a supple- ment to Michaux and Nuttall's " Sylva," and was employed upon the Texas geological survey of 1860- '61, as assistant geologist and naturalist. From 1862 to 1865 he was tbe chief examiner in the statistical department of the U. S. sanitary commission, and, during 18G0-"67, state geologist of Texas, which oftice he again filled from 1874 to 1877, during the latter term constructing two geological maps of that state, and writing a number of articles on the mineral resources and the geological formations of the state for Hitchcock and Blake's Geological Atlas of the United States. In 1871-'72 he was scientific