Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/41

 BUCHANAX.

BUCHANAN.

2h compliance with that time-honored custom, wlien the retiring President turns over the admin- istration of affairs to liis successor, it does not appear that Mr. Buchanan aud Mr. Lincoln ever met. Mr. Buchanan remained in Washington until IMarch 9, settling private affairs, and on that day, accompanied by Miss Lane and the other members of his household, returned to Wlieatland. He continued to take a deep in- terest in politics, and supported with his influ- ence as a private citizen the war that was raging for the maintenance of the Union. His declining years were saddened by the manj' calumnies with which he was assailed: but he bore all with a dignified fortitude and was willinj," to leave iJie vindication of his course to a future, when pei'ce[)tion would not be dimmed by sectional feeling. He published Buchanan's Administra- tion, a vindication of the policy of his admin- istration during the last months of his teiin. During the last j^ears of his life he fell a victim to rheumatic gout, from which he finally died. His remains were laid at rest in Woodward Hill cemetery, near Lancaster, Pa. A simple monu- ment marks his grave, and the passer-by reads, "James Buchanan, fifteenth President of the United States, born April 23, 1791; died June 1, 1868."

BUCHANAN, James, representative, was born at Ringoes, Hunterdon county, N. J., June 17, 1839. He was reared upon a farm, received an academic education, was admitted to the practice of the law in 1864, and was chosen read- ing clerk of the New Jersey legislature in 1866. Subsequently he was a member of the Trenton board of education, presiding judge of Mercer county for six j-ears, was elected a represen- tative to the 49th Congress as a Republican in 1884, and re-elected to the 50th, 51st and 52d con- gresses. He died in Trenton, N. J., Oct. 30, 1900.

BUCHANAN, John Alexander, representa- tive, was born in Virginia, Oct. 7, 1843. He joined the Confederate army, serving as a private in the Stonewall brigade. He was taken a prisoner at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. and remained in captivit}^ until February. 1865. After the close of the war he entered Emory and Henry college, Va., and was graduated in 1870, after which he studied law at the University of Vir- ginia. From 1885 to 1887 he was a member of the Virginia house of delegates. He was elected a representative to the 51st and 52d congresses 1889-93 and became associate justice of the Supreme court of Virginia in 1894.

BUCHANAN, John P., governor of Tennessee, was born at Williamson, Tenn.. Oct. 24, 1847; son of Thomas B\ichanan, grandson of John Buchanan, Jr., and great-grandson of Major John Buchanan. At the age of sixteen he joined

the Confederate army, when he distinguished himself in some of the most important battles of the civil wai-. At its conclusion he went back to his farm, 'where lie engaged in the raising of blooded stock. In 1878 he removed his stock to a large farm in Rutherford count}', and greatly in- creased his business. In 1886 he was elected to the general assembh' of Tennessee and was re-elected in 1888. In February, 1890, he was elected, as a Democrat, governor of Tennessee. In the legislature he made his mark as an able and fear- less debater, and contended stubbornly for the rights and interests of the peoi)le. As governor he showed himself well-informed on all sxibjects wliich came under his administration. On Aug. 1. 1889, upon the consolidation of the WJieel and tiie Alliance, Governor Buchanan was elected president of the organization.

BUCHANAN, Joseph Rhodes, physician, was born in Frankfort, Ky., Dec. 11, 1814. He was graduated at the medical school of Louisville university in 1842, and was professor of pliy- siology in the Cincinnati electric medical insti- tute from 1846 to 1856. He was dean of the faculty from 1850 to 1855, and editor of its medical journal. In after j-ears he was engaged in similar work in the electric medical schools of New York and Boston. Dr. Buchanan is the author of a new system of education based on psychometry and sarcognomy, sciences of which he was the discoverer. His published works include: Out- lines of Lectures on the Neurological System of Anthropology (1854); Electric Practice of J\Iedi- cine and Surgery (third revised edition, 1808); The American System of Medicine (1880); Moral Education, its Laws and Methods (1882); The Neio Education: Moral, Lidustrial, Hygienic, In- tellectual (1882); Manual of Pyschometry: the Daxon of a New Civilization (1885), and Thera- peutic Sarcognomy {\8dl) . He edited Buchanan's Journal of Man, 8 vols. He died at San Jose, Cal., in 1899.

BUCHANAN, Robert Christie, soldier, was born in Maryland about 1810. He graduated at West Point in 1830; served in the Black Hawk and Seminole wars; was promoted captain 1838, served in the military occiipation of Texas 1845- 46, and in the war with IMexico 1846-48, wiiere he was brevetted major May 9, 1846, and lieu- tenant colonel in September 1847. He was i)ro- moted major of the 4th infantry Feb. 3, 1855; lieutenant-colonel in September 1861; partici- pated in the Peninsular campaign where he was brevetted colonel June 27, 1862, and was ap- pointed brigadier general of volunteers in No- vember, 1862. He was placed in command of Fort Delaware in March, 1863, was promoted colo- nel in the regular army jti 1804. and brevetted brigadier and major general in 1865, for gallantry