Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/299

 CLUXIE

CLUTE

afloat, on May 2, 1898. in command of the U.S.S. Battrrnft. He Avas present at the landing of the army at Baiquiri and took part in the bombard- ment of Siboney. AVas engaged in blockade of Havana, and in the active operations on the south side of Cuba in the vicinity of Isle of Pines. At the close of the war he was reassigned to duty as chief of the office of naval intelligence and as a member of the board of construction. In May, 1886, he was married to Mary Eudora, onlj- child of Gen. John F. Miller, U.S. senator from Cali- fornia.

CLUNIE, Thomas Jefferson, representative, was born in St. John's, Newfoundland, March 25, 1852: son of John and Mary (Carter) Clunie, and a descendant of the Clunies of Scotland and the Carters of jNIassachusetts. His parents were at the time of his birth temporary residents of St. John's. He returned with them to their home in Massachusetts and some time in the fifties re- moved with them to California. He attended the public schools, was admitted to the bar in Cali- fornia, by a special act of the legislature, when only eighteen years of age, and settled to prac- tice in San Francisco. He was elected to the legislature in 1875; was appointed brigadier-gen - ex'al, 4th brigade. National guard of California, in 1876; was a delegate-at-large to the Demo- cratic national convention at Chicago in 1884; served in the state senate, 1887-89, and was a rep- resentative from California in the 51st congress, 1889-91.

CLUSERET, Qustave Paul, .soldier, was born in Paris, France, June 13, 1823: son of Antoine Cluseret, a colonel in the 55th infantry, who died from his wounds in 1847. He entered the mili- tary academy at St. Cj'r in 1841 and left in 1843 as sub-lieutenant of the 55th infantry, being pro- moted lieutenant, Jan. 18, 1848. In the revolu- tion of 1848 his regiment was in garrison at Paris and he was detached with a company of grena- diers to defend the Bank of France. Shortly afterward he entered the garde mobile as leader of the 23d battalion, and rendered such efficient service in repressing the insurrection of June, 1848, that he was made a chevalier of the legion of honor on July 28. 1848. At the disbanding of the yarde mobile in 1849 he re-entered the regular army, but was discharged on March 31, 1850, for political reasons. He was reinstated however, Feb. 6, 1853, and was promoted captain, June 29, 1855, serving during the Crimean troubles of 1854. After numerous adventures and promo- tion to lieutenant -colonel and chief of the French legion, he resigned. July 17,1858, and offered liis services to Garibaldi, who made him liis aide-de- camp. He was severely wounded at Capvia, and in 1861 resigned and went to the United States where the civil war was in progress. He at once

entered the Federal army and in January, 1862, was appointed aide-de camp to General McClellan with the rank of colonel. Later he was advised by Charles Sumner to join the army of West Vir- ginia commanded by Fremont. He commanded Fremont's advance guard, and for gallantry at the battle of Cross Keys he was brevetted briga- dier-general. In this battle he commanded the right wing, and made nine consecutive assaults on " Stonewall " Jackson's force, in spite of re- peated orders from Fremont to retreat. At the ninth attack he was successful, after fifteen hours' fighting without eating, and two hours later led the pursuit of the fleeing Confederates as far as Port ReiJublic. This incident caused Jackson to designate him the " French bulldog." This action of Cluseret enabled Fremont to tele- graph victory after he had announced his defeat. General Cluseret resigned from the army in 1864, and in the same year became editor of the Xeio Xation, supporting the candidacy of John C. Fremont for the presidency. On the discontin- uance of that journal in September, 1867, he re- turned to Paris and thence to England, wliere for his supposed complication in the Fenian agi- tation he was sentenced to death by the English tribunal. He returned to France and in 1868 founded L'Art, and for an article which appeared in that journal denouncing the Pacific Union, Memphis and El Paso railroad affair, he was exiled as an American citizen in 1869, after having been imprisoned for two months, while the persons connected with the speculation were imprisoned for from one to five years. On the fall of Napo- leon III., and the restoration of the third republic in 1870, he returned to France. Sliortly after- ward he was made minister of war under the commune, and commanded its military opera- tions. On May 1, 1871, he escaped to Belgixmi and thence to Switzerland, where he stayed until 1878, when he went to Turkey and participated in the Balkan war, after which he remained with Mehemet Ali Pasha until 1886. Meanwhile, Aug. 30, 1872, a council of war condemned him to death. In 1886 he returned to France, and in 1888 was elected a member of the French Cham- ber of deputies. He was re-elected in 1889, 1893 and 1898. He published a pamphlet on Mexico mid the Solidarity of Xatious (1866) ; U Armee et la Democratie (1869) ;3Iemoires. relating to the years 1S70-'71 (3 vols., 1897). He died in La Crau, France. Aug. 22, 1900.

CLUTE, Robert Frary, educator, was born in New York city. Oct. 23. 1829 ; son of Jacob Douw and Ann Van Brunt (McCarty) Clute. He was graduated from the L^niversity of the cit}' of New York in 1850. and from tlie Protestant Ei)iscopaI theological seminary of Alexandria. Va.. in 1853. He was professor of moral and intellectual phil-