Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/291

 CLEWS

CLIFFORD

of anatomy in the Chicago art institute. His publisiied works inchide, besides numerous con- tributions to scientific and medical publications : Treatise on Government Surveying (18T4) ; Compara- tive Physiology and Psychology (1885) ; Lectures on Artistic Anatomy and the Sciences Useful to the Artist (1887) ; Spinal Concussion (1889) ; Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity (1898).

CLEWS, Henry, financier, was born in Staffordshire, England, Aug. 14, 1840. He visited America in company with his father, an extensive English manufacturer, and remained in New

York, where he gained a practical business educa- tion. He obtained a clerkship with Wilson G. Hunt & Co., importers and commission mer- chants in dry goods, and in 1858 er gaged in the stock commission business in Wall street. Soon after- ward he formed the firm of Liver- more, Clews & Co. In 1860 he subscribed for and secured $200,000 of the 5 per cent twenty- year U.S. government bonds. The issue of these bonds was the last act of Secretary of the Treasury Howell Cobb before he deserted his post to join the southern Confed- eracy. Most of the New York bidders forfeited their five -ger cent deposit and failed to take their bonds, which greatly embarrassed the gov- ernment, but Mr. Clews' firm carried out their contract at a considerable loss, and thus estab- lished the credit of the house in the treas- ury department. So when Salmon P. Chase, the new secretary of the treasury, came in the market to sell bonds for carrj-ing on the war, he turned to Jay Cooke of Philadelphia and Henry Clews of New York who were enabled to place large blocks of the 7.30 treasury notes and afterward the 5.20 bonds. The vigoroiis action of Jay Cooke and Henry Clews in disposing of the government securities supplied the sinews of war, Mr. Clews' firm alone supplying from five to fifteen millions of dollars per day, thus en- couraging timid bankers and aiding materially in the restoration of the Union. Thereafter his firm dealt extensively in government secvirities, the tran.sactions of the house often reaching fif- teen million of dollars in a single day. The firm of Henry Clews & Co. was organized in 1877 and became one of the largest and widest known

banking firms in the world. He was married in 1874 to Lucy Madison Wortliington of Kentucky, a grandniece of President Madison. He was elected treasurer of the American geographical society, also of the Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals, and was a founder of the Union league club. In 1887 he published Twenty Years in Wall Street.

CLIFFORD, Charles Warren, lawyer, was born in New Bedford. Mass., Aug. 19, 1844; son of Gov. John H. and Sarah Parker (Allen) Clifford. He was graduated from Harvard in 18G5 and was admitted to the bar in 1868, engag- ing in practice in his native place. In 1876 he was elected a member of the commission to re- vise the judiciarj' system of Massachusetts, and in 1880 was a delegate to and assistant secretary of the Republican national convention. He was elected civil service commissioner of the U.S. circuit court, and standing examiner of appli- cants for admission to the bar. In 1891 he was chosen vice-president of the Republican club, and was a member of the standing committee on commercial law of the American bar associa- tion. 1890-91.

CLIFFORD, John Henry, governor of Massa- chusetts, was born in Providence, R.I., Jan. 16, 1809; son of Benjamin and Achsah (Wade) Clifford. He was graduated at Brown university in 1827, admitted to the bar in 1830 and practised law in New Bedford, Mass. He was elected a state representative in 1835, was an aide-de- camp to Governor Everett, 1836-40, and in 1845 was elected to the state senate. He was district attorney, 1839-49, attorney-general, 1849-53, and prosecuted Prof. John W. Webster of Harvard for the murder of Dr. Parkman in 1850. In 1853 he was elected gov- ernor of the state by the legislature, hav- ing failed to secure a plurality in the regu- lar election although he had 25,000 more votes than either of his opponents. He was again attorney- general, 1854-58. In 1862 he was again elected co the state senate and served as president of that body. In 1867 he was elected president of the Boston and Providence railroad. He was married in 1832 to Sarah Parker, daughter of William Howlantl Allen, grand-daughter of the Hon. John Avery Parker of New Bedford, and