Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/289

 CLEVELAND

CLEVELAND

Europe, and in the fall of 1828 became private secretary to the American minister in Paris. Later he was chosen secretary of the Ameri- can-Polish committee, and resided in Paris for more than a year. In May, 1833, he returned to America and in August removed to Cambridge where he became a proctor at Harvard college. In 1834, in conjmiction with Edmund L. Gushing, he opened a school for boys in Boston, which proved very successful, and which he con- tinued until his marriage in 1838, to Sarah P., daughter of James Perkins of Boston. He after- ward devoted his time to literary work and to travelling for his health. He is the author of Ikemnrks on the Classical Education of Boys, by a Teacher (1834) ; and The Life of Hem-y Hudson, in Spark's American Biographies. See Selections from the Writings of Henry R. Cleveland^ V'ith a Memoir by George S. Hilliard (1844). He died in St. Louis, Mo.. June 12. 1843.

CLEVELAND, Horace William Shaler, land scape gardener, was born in Lancaster, Mass., Dec. 16, 1814 ; son of Richard Jeflfrj- and Dorcas C. (Hiller) Cleveland, and a descendant of Moses Cleaveland who came from Ipswich. England, in 1635, and settled in Woburn. Mass. He was edu- cated in the schools of his native town. He was in Havana, Cuba, 1829-30, where his father was

U.S. consul; was a clerk in Boston, Mass., 1830-31, and was secretary to his father at Havana, 1831-33. He was in Illinois and Maine engaged in survey- ing in 1833-34, and in 1841-53 was a farmer at Burling- ton, N.J. In 1853 he became a land- scape gardener, entering into partnership with Morris Copeland in Boston, Mass. In 1860 the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Cleveland continued in the same work at Danvers, Mass., 1860-Tl ; in Chicago, 111., 1871-83; and in Minneap- olis, Minn., 1883-94. He was corresponding sec- retary of the New Jersey horticultural society for twelve years and was elected an honorary member of the Massachusetts horticulturist so- ciety, of the Massachusetts rifle club and of the National park and out door art association. As a landscape gardener, Mr. Cleveland laid out ceme- teries at Yarmouth, N.S. ; Bangor and Farming- ton, Maine; Gloucester, Waltham, Concord, and Lancaster, Mass; Geneva, N.Y. ; Chicago, D wight, Lincoln, Petersburg, Wasliington Heights, 111. ; Geneva Lake and Rice Lake, Wis. ; Ceilar Kapids, Iowa ; Jvinction City, Kan. ; St. Paul and Minneap-

oils, Minn. ; the grounds of Butler hospital, Roger WiUiams park and the pumping station, Petacouset, R.I. ; Prospect park. Brooklyn, east of main drive; Natural bridge, Va. ; Jekyl island, Ga. ; Brookside, Indianapolis, Ind. ; South park and Drexel boulevard, ChicHgo, 111. ; Winetka Highland Park, Hinsdale, and Downer's grove, 111. ; the capitol, Madison, Wis. ; Bethesada min- eral springs, Waukesha, and Asylum, Menom- onie, Wis.; Mt. Pleasant. Iowa; capitol, Topeka, Kan. ; Como park, Moniton island, and Lake Elmo residence park, St. Paul, Minn. ; Shattuck scliool and Seabury institute, Faribault, Minn. ; the park system of Minneapolis, Minn. ; University of Minnesota and Park system of Omaha, Neb. The foregoing list, greatly abridged, does not specify private grounds which comprised a very large portion of his work. He published Hints to JtiHemen (1864) ; Landscape Architecture as Applied to the Wants of the West (1871) ; Voyages of a Mer- chant Xavigator of the Days that are Pa*? (1886) ; Social Life and Literature Fifty Years Ago (1888).

CLEVELAND, John Fitch, journalist, was born in Clymer, N.Y., Feb. 4, 1819. He was edu- cated at an academy, became a practical printer and in 1844 found employment in the office of the New York Tribune. As a boj' he had known Horace Greeley in western New York and in 1846 he was married to Mr. Greeley's sister Esther. He filled the position of Albany correspondent and in 1848 became a stockholder in the Tribune. He then assumed the editorship of the Weekly Tribune and under his management it became the largest circulating weekly political paper in the United States. He was assessor of U.S. internal revenue from 1862 to 1871. when he resigned to take the editorship of the financial columns of the Tribune and made that department of the paper a conveyance of unprejudiced and reliable information. He also edited the Tribune Alma- nac. He died in New York city, Oct. 9, 1876.

CLEVELAND, Orestes, manufacturer, was born in Duanesburg, Schenectadj- county, N.Y., March 2, 1829 ; son of Job Cleveland, a farmer, who gave the boy a good district school educa- tion and about 1844 found for him a position as errand boy in a jeweller's store in New York city. He applied himself to study and soon could hold his place with a number of college graduates who had formed themselves into a debating society, of which he, the youngest member, was elected president. In 1854 he was admitted as a member of the jewelry firm and added to the business that of manufacturing. In 1853 he was mar- ried to a daughter of James Dixon of Jersej' City, N.J., inventor of the Dixon crucible, and a few years later sold out his interest in the jewelry business to associate himseii with his father-in-