Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/213

 CHISHOLM.

CHITTENDEN.

district judge. In 1796 he was again elected chief justice, and in 1797 United States senator to succeed Isaac Ticlienor, serving from 1797 to 1803. He then represented Tinniouth in the state legislature, 1806-'ll. He was chosen one of the council of censors in March, 1813, to review the constitution of the state. The same year he was elected chief justice of the state by the Federalists, but was displaced by the Republi- cans in 1815. He was profe.s3or of law in Middle- bury college, 1816-"43. He published several works on law, including : Sketches of the Princi- ples of Government (1793; revised ed., 1838); Rejjorts and Dissertations (1815), and in 1826 he revised tlie statutes of Vermont. He died at Tmmoutli, Vt., Feb. 15, 1843.

CHISHOLM, William, inventor, was born at Lochleven, Fifeshire, Scotland, Aug. 12, 1825. At an early age he was apprenticed to a dry- goods merchant, remained with him for three years and then went to sea. He was a sailor for a period of seven years, after which time he settled in Montreal, Canada, where he became a builder and contractor. His brother Henry lived in Cleveland, Ohio, and William removed there in 1852. After that he went to Pittsburg, where he remained till 1857, returning to Cleveland at that date. He joined his brother in the rolling mills and remained with him two or three years, when he withdrew from active management of the concern and engaged in the manufacture of horseshoes, spikes and bolts. After showing the practicability of manufacturing screws from Bessemer steel, he organized the Union steel company of Cleveland. His inventions were numerous and eminently useful, and he devised new methods and machinery for manufacturing spades, scoops and shovels, and for this purpose he opened a factory in 1879. In 1882 he turned his attention to steam engines, and invented a new model for hoisting and pimiping, and trans- mitters for carrying coal between vessels and railway cars.

CHISOLM, William Wallace, jurist, was born in Morgan covmty, Ga., Dec. 6, 1830. His father died in 1851, leaving him the family guardian and protector. In 1847 the Chisolm family moved to Kemper county. Miss. In 1856 he mar- ried Emily S., davighter of John W. Mann, a prominent Florida lawyer. Up to this time Chis- olm had had very little opportunity to pursue his education, but his wife gave him much assistance and he made rapid progress. In 1858 he was elected justice of the peace, and in 1860 probate judge, which office he retained until 1867. Dur- ing the civil war he was a pronounced Unionist, and notwithstanding this fact he was kept in office, tliough many looked upon liini with sus- picion. For some time after the war, Mississippi,

like the other southwestern states, was politically unsettled, the negroes always taking the side of the Republicans. Chisolm was elected sheriff by the Republicans, and was frequently in danger of his life from the followers of the Lemocratic party. In November, 1873, he was again elected sheriff for Kemper county, and this section be- came a great Republican stronghold. Four years later he was nominated as a representative to Congress, but was defeated. John W. Gully, a leading Democrat, was shot and killed near ChLsolm's house, and warrants were sent out for the judge's arrest. His wife, three sons and daughter accompanied liim, and the party was guarded on the way to the jail by Angus McLel- lan, a sturdy Scotchman, and stanch friend of Chisolm. As McLellan, at the sheriff's order, left the jail to go to his own house, he was shot down, and the building, being left vmguarded, was broken into by the mob. The judge's son, John, a child of thirteen, was killed while pro- tecting his father, and then another shot mortally wounded Chisolm, who obtained a rifle and killed the murderer of his boy. His daughter Cornelia, aged eighteen, also died from wounds received at the time. The leaders of the mob were indicted, but not punished. The local papers endeavored to justify the mob on the ground that Chisolm had been a party to the murder of Gully, thougli no evidence was ever shown to prove that Judge Chisolm or his friends had in any way been accessory to this crime. It was generall}^ supposed that the Democrats of the district were enraged at the friendship of Chisolm with the newly enfranchised negroes, more particularly as he had organized them in order to control the elections in favor of the Republican party. In December, 1877, a negro, Walter Riley, confessed to the murder of Gully, which completely exonerated Cliisolm from any part in the affair. He died in DeKalb, Miss., May 13. 1877.

CHITTENDEN, Lucius Eugene, author, was born at Williston. Vt., May 24, 1824, son of Giles and Betsey(Hollenbeck) Chittenden, grandson of Truman Chittenden, and great - grandson of Thomas Chittenden, first governor of Vermont. He was educated at WiUiston academy, was ad- mitted to the bar in 1844, and commenced prac- tice in Burlington in 1845. He was a member of the Vermont state senate from 1857 to 1859, and a delegate to the peace conference held in Wash- ington in February, 1861. In April, 1861, he was appointed register of the treasury by President Lincoln and removed to Washington. He resigned his office in April, 1865, and removed to New York city, where he practised his profession. In May. 1848, with other delegates, he seceded from the Democratic state convention, held at Mont-