Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/21

 BROWNLOW.

BROWN-SEQUARD.

and to the Chicago convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln to the presidenc}' in 1860. In 1861 he was appointed United States senator by Governor Yates, to succeed Stephen A. Douglas, who died June 3, but the appointment was not confirmed by the legislature of Illinois, and W A. Richardson was elected to fill the unexpired term. In the senate he served from 1861 to 1863, and actively" supported all the war measures of the government, except the confiscation biU. In 1866 he was appointed secretary of the interior in the cabinet of President Johnson, and for a time acted also as attorney -general. At the close of Johnson's administration he resumed the prac- tice of the law, which he followed at Quincy, III, until his death. Avig. 10, 1881.

BROWNLOW, Walter Preston, representa- tive, was born in Abington, Va., March 27, 1851 ; son of Joseph A. and Mary R. Brownlow, and grandson of Joseph A. Brownlow. He attended the common schools and became an engineer. In 1876 he was a reporter for the Knox vi lie Whig and Chronicle, edited by his uncle, William G, Brownlow, U.S. senator ; and in the same year purchased the Herald and Tribune. Republican, published in Jonesboro, Tenn., and became its editor and proprietor. He was a delegate to the Republican national conventions of 1880 and 1896 ; postmaster of Jonesboro, 1881 ; was eight 5'ears a member of the Republican state commit- tee and also chairman in 1882-'83 ; was a delegate at lai-ge to the Republican National convention of 1884 ; a representative in the national committee in 1884 and 1896 ; was unanimously elected chair- man of the Republican state committee, 1898. and was a representative from Tennessee in the 55th, 56th, 57th and 58th congres.ses. 1897-1905.

BROWNLOW, William Gannaway. governor of Tennessee, was born in Wythe countj^, Va., Aug. 29, 1805. He was an itinerant minister of the Methodist church, 1826-36. Hebegaa his pol- itical career in South Carolina in 1828, where he advocated the re-election of President John Q. Adams and opposed nullification. He became editor of tlie Wliig, a political journal, in 1838, published first at Elizabethtown, Tenn., and after- ward at Knoxville. He was appointed a Missouri river navigation commissioner in 1850, and in 1858 advocated slaverj' in a public debate with the Rev. A. Prynne, which debate was published in a volume entitled Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated ? He opposed secession in 1860, and continued to publish the Whig in spite of persecution until Oct. 24, 1861. He was im- prisoned until March 3, 1862. when he was released and sent inside the Union line at Nashville. He lectured in the Nortli, 1862-*64, and on his return helped to reorganize the state gov- ernment, and in 1865 became governor of Ten-

nessee. In 1867 he opposed Mayor Brown of Nashville in the matter of election judges, and the United States government sent troops to sustain the governor. He afterwards in the Ku- Klux troubles, proclaimed martial law in several counties. He resigned the governorship in 1869, having been elected United States senator from Tennessee. He served in the senate to the end of his term, when he returned to Knoxville, bought a controlling interest in the Whig, and assumed the editorship of the paper. He pub- lished, in 1856, The Iron Wheel Examined and its False Spokes Extracted, a reply to an attack on the Methodist church, and in 1862, Sketches of the Rise, Progress and Decline of Secession. He died at Knoxville, Tenn., April 29, 1877.

BROWN RIQQ, Richard Thomas, soldier, was born in North Carolina in 1831 ; son of Gen. R. T. Brownrigg. He was educated at Dillsborough, N. C, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He located as a lawyer, first in Mississippi, and after- wards at Austin, Texas. When the state of Texas seceded he joined the Confederate army and became a major on General Sibley's staff. He served in New Mexico, was in the battle of Glorietta, and for gallant conduct was presented with a sword and rifle, each bearing an inscrip- tion testifying to his chivalrous conduct. He received a mortal wound in the battle of Camp Bisland, April 14, 1863.

BROWN=SEQUARD, Charles Edouard, physi- ologist, was born at Port Louis, Isle of Mau- ritius, April 8, 1817. His father, Edward Brown, was born in Philadelphia, and his mother was a native of the Isle of Mauritius. The son was educated in Port Louis, and in his twentieth j-ear was sent to Paris to study medicine. In November, 1838, he was made a B.L.. and the following year a B.S., by the University of France. He taught natural history, chemistry and natural philosophy in 1839, and in 1840 lectured on physiology. His M.D. degree was conferred Jan. 3, 1846, and he first devoted his energies to making researches in experimental physiology, upon the composition of the blood, animal heat, diseases of the spinal cord, the muscular system and the lymphatic nerves and ganglia. He has been called a specialist, but when questioned in regard to it, said- "I am chiefly consulted for nervous affections, both functional and organic, but I am not a specialist ; and have studied and continue to study every branch of medicine." In 1858 he delivered a course of lectures at the Royal college of sur- geons in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and soon after, at the request of a number of young and progres- sive physicians and scientists, went to Dublin, where he gave the same lectures. In March, 1853, he married Ellen Fletcher, a niece of