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BRADFORD.

rank of major-general. In the same year he was ai)pointed commander of the forces sent to arrest the encrt)acliments of the French in America, and with an army of two thousand reguLars and provincials, lie, for a time, made his headquarters at Alexandria, Va. George Washington accom- {wnied him as an aide. On July 8, 1755, they readied the Monongahela river and essayed an ad- vance upon Fi>rt Duquesne. Franklin and "Wash- ington had warned him of the craftiness of the foe; and he so far listened to their advice as to throw out advance and flank parties to prevent surpri.se. The advance guard was attacked by nine hundred French and Indians, who, using tlie wood for an ambuscade, wrought havoc in the ranks of the British. Braddock, unu.sed to skir- mishes, refused, with characteristic obstinacy, to imitate the enemy's tactics. His bravery may not be questioned; four times was his horse shot imder him, and at last he fell in trying to effect a rally. The survivors retreated under "Washing- ton, the only staff officer unharmed. The loss was 63 out of 86 officers, and 914 out of 1,373 pri- vates. The action took place July 9, and Brad- dock was carried from the field and died at Great Meadows four days later ; his last words being, " We shall know better how to deal \\'ith them another time." Washington read the burial ser- vice over his grave. The date of his death is July 13. 1755.

BR A DEN, John, educator, was born in New York, X. Y., Aug. 18, 1826. He was educated in the public schools and at the Ohio Wesleyan uni- versity at Delaware, Ohio, graduating in 1853. He was licen.sed to preach in the Methodist church, serving in the Cincinnati conference. From 1859 to 1861 he was president of the Linden Hill academy, Clarke county, Ohio, and from 1861 to 1867 preached on the circuit. He was then elected president of Central Tennessee college, Nashville, lie was married Oct. 16, 1856. to Lau- rania P. Collin, of Hillsdale. N. Y. He received the degree D.D. from Ohio Wesleyan university 1873. He died in Nashville, Tenn., June 10, 1900.

BRADFORD, Alden, author, was born at Duxlairy. Mass., Nov. 19, 1765; son of Gamaliel Bradf(jrd. a revolutionary soldier, and descended from Gov. William Bradford. He was gradu- ated at Harvard college in 1786, and was for a time pastor of a Congregational church at Wi.sca.sset, Me. In 1812 he was elected .secretary of state of Massachu.setts, which office he held for twelve years. He was the author of various works of a historical, biographical, and antiquarian character, including a " History of Mas.sachusetts from 1764 till 1820." and "Hi.story of the Federal Government " (1840). He was also editor of the Boston Gazette. Bowdoin college gave him the degree of LL.D. in 1837. He died Oct. 26. 1W3.

BRADFORD, Alexander Warfield, jurist, was born in Albany, N. Y,, in 1815; son of John M. Bradford, a celebrated divine. He was gradu- ated at Union college in 1832. He became widely known as a brilliant lawyer while yet a very young man, held the office of surrogate for three terms, and was a law writer of high repu- tation. "Bradford's Reports," in six volumes, became authoritative in the legal profession. Ten volumes of legal reports, and four volumes of " Reports of Surrogates' Cases," were published by him. He was co-editor with Dr. Anthon of nie Protestant Churchman, and editor of Avieri- can Antiquities. He died Nov. 5, 1867.

BRADFORD, Amory Howe, clergyman, was born at Granby, N. Y., April 14, 1846. After his graduation from Hamilton college in 1867, he was graduated at the Andover seminary in 1870, and was ordained to the Congregational ministry on Sept. 28, 1870. After his ordination he studied at Oxford university, England, and then assumed pastoral charge of the Congregational church at Montclair, N. J. He was secretarj' of the Amer- ican institute of Christian philosophy, and in 1892 became editorially connected with 77/ e Outlook. In 1892 and 1893 he lectured at Andover in the Southworth course. He received the degree S.T.D. from Hamilton. Among his published writings are: "Spirit and Life" (1888): "Old Wine; New Bottles" (1892); "Lectures at Andover " (1893-94) : " The Pilgrim in Old Eng- land " (1893) ; "Heredity and Christian Prob- lems" (1895): "The Art of Living Alone" (1899); and "The Age of Faitli " (1900).

BRADFORD, Andrew Sowles, printei. was born in Philadelpliia in 1686; son of William Bradford, fir.st printer in Philadeli)hia and New York. In 1712 he started in the printing busi- ness, and for more than ten years was without a competitor in Philadelphia. He established a paper called the Ayneiican Weekly Mercvry in 1719, and two years later employed Benjamin Franklin, then a boy of fifteen, to set type in the office. He was postmaster of Philadelphia in 1732, and, in connection with his printing busi- ness, he managed a thriving book-store. He began the publication of the American Magazine the year before his death, which occurred at Philadelpaia, Pa.. Nov. 23, 1742.

BRADFORD, Augustus W., governor of Mary- land, was born in Maryland in 1805. He was active as a lawyer and politician, and during the civil war was a Unionist. He was a member of the peace congress in 1861, and was elected gov- ernor of Maryland in 1862, serving four years. During his governorship he secured from the state the constitution of 1864. He was surveyor of the port of Baltimore under President John- son, and died March 1, 1881.