Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 01.djvu/396

 BOZEMAN.

BRACE.

crosseil the British Channel in twenty-four liours, and he also traversed with the same ap- juiratus tlie other princii>al rivers of Euroj)e, and rrosseil I lie Straits of Gibraltar In America he I)erformed various feats, iwildling 100 miles in twenty-four hours; swimming 2,S42 miles in eight V days, from Oil City, Pa., to the mouth of the Mississippi; descendmg the Connecticut river from Canada to Long Island Sound, and l)etween Sept. 17 and Nov. 20, IJSJSl, making a trip of :{..").S0 miles down tlie Missouri river. During the war between Cliili and Peru he was in com- mand of the Peruvian tori>edo service, and, fall- ing into the hands of the Chilians, he was con- demned to be executed, but, escaping to the shore, he swam to a passing vessel and was soon in safety. He described his experiences in " Roughing it in Rubl)er •' (1S86).

BOZEMAN, Nathan, physician, was born in Butler county. Ala.. March 26, 1825. He was graduated from the medical department of the University of Louisville, Ky., 1848, and in 1850 began practice at Montgomery, Ala., some years later becoming a specialist in gynaecology. He succe.ssfully performed many difficult operations never before attempted, and in 1858 made a trip to Europe, where he introduced his methods in many of the prominent hospitals of England, Scotland and France. In 1858 he went to New Orleans, La. , where he founded a private hospital, and he devised a useful self-retaining .specuium and a portable operating chair. He again went to Europe in 1874 and remained three years, demonstrating to surgeons the advantage of his operations. He was assistant demonstrator of anatomy in 1848 at the University of Louisville ; attending surgeon to the Charity hospital at New Orleans in 1861 ; consulting surgeon to St. Mary's hospital, Holx)ken, in 1867. and consulting sur- geon to St. Elizaljeth hospital, New York city. At the beginning of the civil war he was commis- sioned a surgeon in the Confederate army, and was a member of the medical board for the ex- amination of .surgeons. He was elected to a meml>ership in various medical societies of Amer- ica, and a fellow of the New York academy of medicine.

BOZMAN, John Leeds, la^\Ter, was born in Oxford, on the eastern shore of ^Maryland, Aug. 2o, 1757. His ancestors on both sides were among the early settlers on the east of Chesapeane Bay, claiming rights there prior to Lord Baltimore's charter. His early education he received from Luther Martin, then ju.st from New Jersey, and subsequently prominent in the history of Mary- land, and his law studies were crmipleted at the Middle Temple. London. Returning to Maryland he won a wide reputation as a lawyer, and held the oflBce of deputy attorney-general of Maryland

for some years. Among his published works are: " Observations on the Statute of Jac. 1, ch. 16. in Relation to Estates Tail," " A New Arrange- ment of the Courts of Justice of the State ol Maryland" (1802); "Essay on the Colonization Society" (1822), and "History of Maryland, from 1633-1660 " (1837). He died, the last "of his race in America, Aiiril 23, 1823.

BRACE, Charles Loring, philanthropist, was born at Litchfield. Conn., June 19, 1826; son of John Pierce Brace, educator. He was graduated at Yale college in 1846, and studied theology at Yale divinity school and at the Union theological seminary. In 1850 he made a pedestrian tour in England and Ireland and through a part of France and Germany, penetrating into the in- terior of Hungary, then little visited by tourists, where he was arrested and tlirown into prison as an agent of the Hungarian revolutionists in America, and obtained his release only after a long court-martial and a month's confinement, and then through the intervention of the U. S. department of state. While abroad he studied the management of schools and prisons, and became interested in philanthropical work. He returned to America in 1852, and, in co-operation with Mr. Pease, Mrs. Olin and others, set out to minister to the poor and degraded at the Five Points and extended his work to the prisons and almshouses of New York city. Through his efforts the Children's aid society was established in 1853, and he was made the secretary and principal executive officer. Through its means, up to the time of his death, 75,000 homeless, friendless children had been transplanted from the streets of New York to homes in the far west ; 300,000 children had been trained in its indus- trial schools : and in its lodging houses for boys, and girls' temix)rary homes, 200,000 boys and girls fotmd a refuge, and were helped to employ- ment and homes. All of these lodging-houses grew out of the Newsboys' lodging-house, founded by him in 1854, which, in fitting memory of its founder, is knoA%Ti as the " Brace Memorial Lodging-House. " In 1856 Mr. Brace attended the international convention of children's chari- ties in London, and made a third visit to Europe in 1865, to investigate the .sanitary methods of the great cities. His fourth visit was as a delegate to the international prison congre.s8, which met in London in 1872. He was an edi- torial writer on the New York Times for over twenty years, and also wrote and published the following books: " Hungari- in 1851" (1852); "Home Life in Germany" (1853); " The Norse Folk " (1857) : " Short Sermons to Newsboys " (1861); "Races of the Old World" (1863); "The New West" (1^68): "The Dangerous Classes of New York, and Twenty Years' Work