Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 01.djvu/174

BACHE.BACHMAN. faithful service ten years in one grade, and on Aug. 1, 1832, was brevetted major of staff, he was promoted to the full rank of major on the corps of topographical engineers in July, 1838, being engaged on the Florida reef defences; in the construction of the Brandywine screw-pile lighthouse and ice harbor. Delaware; as a member of the board of topographical engineers for lake harbors and western rivers; as lighthouse engineer for Delaware and Chesapeake bays; as lighthouse engineer for the Pacific coast, and as inspector in charge of military roads on the Pacific coast. On Aug. 6, 1861, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel, and on March 3, 1863, was made colonel, serving as superintending engineer of Forts Mifflin and Delaware. He was brevetted brigadier-general on March 13, 1863, and was retired from active service, March 7, 1867. He died in Philadelphia. Pa., Oct. 8. 1872. BACHE, Richard, merchant, was born in England. Sept. 12, 1737. He came to America shortly after his brother Theophylact, and settled in Philadelphia, where, on October 29, 1767. he was married to Sarah, only daughter of Benjamin Franklin. He was very successful in business, and through Franklin's influence attained prominence in political affairs, being secretary, comptroller and register-general, and from 1776 to 1782 colonial postmaster-general. He was also president of the Republican society of Philadelphia, and a prominent protestant against the injustice of the stamp act. He died in Berks county. Pa., July 29, 1811. BACHE, Sarah (Franklin), was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 22, 1744; daughter of Benjamin and Deborah (Read) Franklin. She was married Oct. 29, 1767. to Richard Bache. and was distinguished for her benevolence, especially during the revolutionary war. Funds were contributed by men of wealth and patriotism, with which material was purchased to clothe the suffering soldiers. Mrs. Bache organized a party of more than two thousand women and girls to sew the garments, and she also spent much time in hospital work. She was a woman of a beautiful nature, and the Marquis de Chastelleaux said of her: "If there are ladies in Europe who need a model of attachment to domestic duties and love to their country, Mrs. Bache may be pointed out to them as such. Simple in her manners, she possesses all the benevolence of her father." She died Oct. 5, 1808. BACHMAN, John, naturalist, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., Feb. 4, 1790. At the age of twenty-three he was licensed by the Lutheran synod of New York, having been previously elected pastor of three congregations in his own neighborhood in Dutchess county. In 1815 he went to South Carolina for his health, and for about fifty years preached at the Lutheran church at Charleston. There he became associated with Audubon, and aided him in writing his books on ornithology. The three-volume work on quadrupeds was written almost wholly by him and illustrated by Audubon and his sons. His two eldest daughters married Audubon's sons. In 1835 Mr. Bachman received the degree of D. D., and in 1838 the University of Berlin conferred upon him the degree of Ph. D., and the South Carolina college at Columbia that of LL. D. Among his published works are: "Account of Experiments Made on the Habits of the Vultures Inhabiting Carolina" (1834); "Two Letters on Hybridity" (1850); "Defence of Luther and the Reformation" (1853); "Characteristics of Genera and Species, as Applicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race" (1854); "Notice of the Types of Mankind by Nott and Gliddon" (1854); "Catalogue of Phænogamous Plants and Ferns Growing in the Vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina;" "Examination of Professor Agassiz's Sketch of the Natural Province of the Animal World," and in conjunction with J. J. Audubon, "The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America" (3 vols., 1846-'53). He died in Charleston, S. C., Feb. 25, 1874. BACHMAN, Max, sculptor, was born in Brunswick, Germany, Feb. 27, 1862; son of John Hermann Bachman, author of various scientific and industrial works. Max was educated primarily at the industrial school, Berlin, and afterwards entered the Royal academy in the same city where he studied under Professor Wolff. Like most youths of versatile talent, his inclinations were at first indeterminate; music, painting, composing, the plastic and histrionic arts had each claims upon his many-sided nature, but his success as an amateur actor had almost determined him to choose the stage, when he was obliged to enter the army according to the German law. When he removed to the United States, in 1885, his cultivated talents gave him a brilliant introduction in art circles in Boston, Philadelphia and New York. His teutonic stability, comprehensive grasp of his subject, and his versatility as a colorist, sculptor, and musician, afforded him ability to conceive and perpetuate an idea, whether grotesque or sublime, in the plastic medium which is the most common exponent of his art. His work as a cartoonist marked a departure in the art of the caricaturist, and was a significant advance of a branch already exemplified by the great masters of the pencil in America and Europe. Great cartoons had not hitherto been achieved in clay, but Max Bachman began a new work in harmony with the spirit of the age. Some of his larger works include the four figures representing Europe. Asia, Africa and America,