Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 01.djvu/173

BACHE.BACHE. talent for organization which won him his title of "chief," set various expeditions at work, under efficient leadership, each to survey a section of the coast, thus having the whole work accomplished simultaneously. In a memoir of Professor Bache, published by the National academy of sciences, his biographer says: "He commenced the exploration of the Gulf Stream, and at the same time projected a series of observations on the tides, on the magnetism of the earth, and the direction of the winds at different seasons of the year. He also instituted a succession of researches in regard to the bottom of the ocean within soundings, and the forms of animal life which are found there, thus offering new and unexpected indications to the navigator. He pressed into service, for the determination of the longitude, the electric telegraph; for the ready reproduction of charts, photography; and for multiplying copper-plate engravings, the new art of electrotyping. Of his work in the coast survey he published reports which are included in twenty large volumes and are of great value." But while devoting so much of his time and attention to this important work, Professor Bache also held many prominent and responsible offices. He was superintendent of weights and measures, a commissioner on the lighthouse board, a regent of the Smithsonian institution, vice-president of the United States sanitary commission, president of the American philosophical society, and of the American association for the advancement of science and the first president of the National Academy of Sciences, 1863-'67. In selecting names for the Hall of Fame for Great Americans, New York university, October, 1900, his name in "Class H. Scientists" received nine votes, Audubon and Gray only securing place in that class. He published, "Observations at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory of Girard College" (3 vols., 1840-45). His death occurred in Newport. R. I., Feb. 17, 1867. BACHE, Benjamin Franklin, journalist, was born in Philadelphia. Pa., Aug. 12, 1769; son of Richard and Sarah (Franklin) Bache, and grandson of Benjamin Franklin. When a boy he went abroad with his grandfather, where he attended school and also learned the trade of printing. Returning to the United States he entered the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated in 1787 with the degree of A. M. He established the General Advertiser, and subsequently changed its name to the Aurora and General Advertiser. This journal became very prominent, and during the administrations of Washington and Adams it used all its influence against the policy of their administrations. On Sept. 10, 1798, Mr. Bache married Margaret Hartman Markoe. He published a volume entitled "Remarks Occasioned by the Late Conduct of Mr. Washington as President of the United States" (1796). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 10, 1798. BACHE, Benjamin Franklin, surgeon, was born at Monticello, Va., Feb. 7. 1801; son of William and Catharine (Wistar) Baclie. grandson of Richard and Sarah (Franklin) Bache, and great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin. He was educated at Princeton, was graduated in 1819, and took his medical degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1823. He entered the navy as surgeon in 1824, and served in Pensacola navy yard and with the Mediterranean and Brazil squadrons. He held the chair of chemistry in Kenyon college in 1838-'41, and was for some years director of the New York naval hospital. He was retired in 1871 with the rank of commodore, and died in New York city, Nov. 3, 1881. BACHE, Franklin, physician, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 25, 1792; son of Benjamin Franklin and Margaret H. (Markoe) Bache, grandson of Richard and Sarah (Franklin) Bache, and great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin. He was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1810, taking his M. D. degree in 1814. In 1824 he was appointed practising physician at the Walnut street prison, and two years later accepted the chair of chemistry at the Franklin institute, holding the former position until 1886, and the latter until 1832. From 1829 to 1839 he was physician to the Eastern penitentiary in Philadelphia. Dr. Bache was elected a member of the Philadelphia medical society in 1852, of the American philosophical society in 1819, and its president from 1853 to 1855, and was a fellow of the college of physicians and surgeons, U. S. A., 1814-'16. In 1841 he was made professor of chemistry at Jefferson college, continuing in this position during the rest of his life. His "Pharmacopoeia," arranged in conjunction with Dr. George Bacon Wood, developed, in 1833, into "The Dispensatory of the United States of America." which reached its sixteenth edition in 1890. He was one of the editors of the North American Medical and Surgical Journal from 1823 to 1832, and was the author of "A Supplement to Henry's Chemistry" (1823); "Letters on Separate Confinement of Prisoners" (1829-'30); "Introductory Lectures on Chemistry" (1841-’52); and a "System of Chemistry for the Use of Medical Students." He died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 19, 1864. BACHE, Hartman, civil engineer, was born in Philadelphia. Pa., in 1797; son of Benjamin Franklin and Margaret H. (Markoe) Bache. He was graduated from the military academy at West Point in 1818, and was promoted in the army to brevet captain of staff, serving on the surveys in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. On July 24, 1828, he was brevetted major for