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ARMSTRONG.ARNOLD. of public instruction under the government, in which position he had charge of the entire school system, and controlled the educational facilities of a population of 65,000 people. Samuel was trained in this atmosphere till his father's death in 1860, when he removed to the United States, entered William's college, Williamstown, Mass., and was graduated in 1862. He then volunteered in the Union army, raised a company of infantry in Troy, N. Y., and went to the field as captain of the 125th N. Y. volunteers. He was captured at Harper's Ferry, exchanged in three months, attached to the army of the Potomac, and received the famous charge of Pickett's cordons on the third day at Gettysburg. He was promoted major in July, 1863, and appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 9th U. S. colored infantry, subsequently being promoted colonel and transferred to the 8th U. S. colored troops composed of northern negroes. With a division of the 24th army corps he followed the Confederates under Lee to the surrender at Appomattox, after which, at the request of General Birney, he was promoted brevet brigadier-general, and ordered to garrison duty on the Rio Grande frontier, Texas. Four months later he was mustered out of the service, but was almost immediately employed by General Howard of the Freedman's bureau, to settle the race troubles that had sprung up at Hampton, Va., between refugee negroes and returned Confederate families. He was put in charge of the work of the bureau at that point, with the supervision of ten counties in eastern Virginia. While so engaged he planned the establishment of a thorough educational system in that locality, which was adopted by the American missionary association, and in 1868 the Hampton normal and agricultural institute for negroes was opened, with General Armstrong as principal. Afterwards his life was wholly identified with that of this humane enterprise, of which he was really the founder. His successful management was complimented by the government in 1878, when he was urged to admit a number of Indian children, although such a feature had not been contemplated in the original plan of the school, which at the time of his death numbered nearly eight hundred pupils, — about two hundred Indians and six hundred negroes. He died May 11, 1893. ARMSTRONG, Samuel T., governor of Massachusetts, was born in that state in 1784. When a young man he went into business as a bookseller in Boston, where he met with great success and became influential in public matters. Buchanan's "Researches in Asia" and Scott's "Commentary on the Bible" were both published by him, and though the expense was large for the time the books proved profitable. He held the offices of mayor of Boston and lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, acting as governor during the unexpired term of John Davis. He was a member of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions. He died March 26, 1850. ARNOLD, ABRAHAM B., physician, was born at Jebenhausen, Wurtemburg, Feb. 4, 1820. He came to America when fourteen years of age, and entered the college at Mercersburg, Pa., where he was graduated in 1838. He then studied medicine in New York city, attending at the same time the lectures of the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania. He was graduated from the medical department of the Washington university at Baltimore in 1848. He then established himself in practice in Baltimore, and in 1872 was elected professor of the theory and practice of medicine in the medical department of Washington university, and when this school was consolidated with the college of physicians and surgeons in 1877 he was appointed to the chair of clinical medicine, and diseases of the nervous system. In 1877 he was elected president of the medical and chirurgical faculty of Maryland. He was a delegate to the medical congress held at Philadelphia in 1876, and also a member of the American medical association. ARNOLD, Albert Nicholas, clergyman, was born at Cranston, R. I., Feb. 12, 1814. He was graduated from Brown university in 1838 with the degree of A.M., and at the Newton theological institution 1841. He had pastoral charge of the First Baptist church at Newburyport, Mass., from 1841 to 1843. From 1844 to 1855 he was employed in missionary work in Greece, and during 1856-1857 filled the chair of ecclesiastical history at the Newton theological seminary. In 1858 he accepted a call to Westboro, Mass., where he remained until 1864, resigning to become professor of Biblical criticism and pastoral theology at the Hamilton literary and theological institution. He held the chair of New Testament Greek at the Baptist theological seminary, Chicago, from 1869 to 1873. In 1875 he was made trustee of Brown university. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the university of Rochester in 1860. He wrote "Prerequisites to Communion" (1860); and "One Woman's Mission" (1871). He died in Cranston, R. I., Oct. 11, 1883.