Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 01.djvu/136

ARMISTEAD.ARMOUR. a little prayer-book, which the general always kept. He returned to Virginia, and was given a brigadier-general's commission in the Confederate army, was severely wounded at Antietam, and fell while leading his brigade in the desperate charge of Pickett's division at Gettysburg, having almost reached the Federal lines. He was left on the field after the Confederates had been repulsed July 3, 1863, and died in the Federal hospital immediately after the battle. ARMISTEAD, Walker Keith, soldier, was born in Virginia about 1785, brother of George Armistead. He was graduated from West Point in 1803, his class being the second to be graduated at the academy, and was promoted 2d lieutenant of engineers. In 1805 he was promoted 1st lieutenant and in 1806, captain. From 1808 to 1811, he served as superintending engineer of the Norfolk (Va.) defences, being advanced to a major's commission on July 23, 1810. The following year he was at the military academy, remaining there until the outbreak of the war of 1812, when he was assigned to duty on the Niagara frontier as chief engineer of the army. On July 31, 1812, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel, was engaged at Fort Niagara during its bombardment in November, 1812, and in 1813 as engineer of the forces for the defence of the mouth of the Chesapeake bay, including Norfolk and Craney Island. From 1814 to 1818 he served as superintending engineer of the defences of Chesapeake bay and its tributary waters, being promoted colonel and chief engineer of the U.S. army on Nov. 12, 1818. For three years following he was in command of a corps of engineers, in charge of the engineer bureau at Washington, and inspector of the military academy. On June 1, 1821, the army being reorganized, he was promoted colonel, and from 1821 to 1827 was stationed at the headquarters of the 3d artillery, established at Fort Washington, Md., Boston, Mass., New London, Conn., Upperville, Va., and Fort Monroe, Va., and served in the Florida war against the Seminole Indians from 1836 to 1838. For two years he was on court-martial duty, and from May, 1840, to May, 1841, was in command of the Florida army serving against the Seminoles. For two years following this he was on the board to select a site for a western armory, and in 1843 and 1844 commanded his regiment at Fort Moultrie, S. C. In the latter part of 1844, he went to Upperville, Va., on sick leave, and died there Oct. 13, 1845. ARMITAGE, Thomas, clergyman, was born at Pontefract, Yorkshire, Eng., Aug. 2, 1819. He was licensed as a local preacher by the Wesleyans, delivering his first sermon in his sixteenth year. He imbibed political opinions which led him to the United States in 1838, settled in New York, entered the Methodist ministry, and labored as a circuit preacher for ten years. Doubts assailed him as to the doctrine of sinless perfection, and in regard to the Methodist church government; and in 1848 he left that denomination to join the Baptists. He was baptized in the Pearl street church, Albany, ordained a few months later, and instilled as pastor of the Norfolk street church, July 1, 1848. The congregation later erected a new place of worship, the "Fifth Avenue Baptist church," where Dr. Armitage ministered to them until his death. In 1850 he was largely instrumental in founding the American Bible Union, of which, in 1856, he became the president. Dr. Armitage was an eloquent and powerful preacher and a cultivated scholar. He was deeply interested in the revision of the scriptures, particularly in regard to the translation of the Greek word for baptism. His published writings are: "Lectures on Preaching, its Ideal and Inner Life" (1880), and a "History of the Baptists" (1886). Georgetown college, Kentucky, conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1853, and later gave him that of LL.D. He died Jan. 20, 1896. ARMITAGE, William Edmond, 2d bishop of Milwaukee, and 82d in succession in the American episcopate, was born in New York city, Sept. 6, 1830. He was graduated at Columbia college in 1849, and finished a course at the General theological seminary in 1852. He was ordained a deacon, June 27, 1852, and admitted to the priesthood, Sept. 27, 1854. His first curacy was at St. John's church, Portsmouth, N. H.; his second at St. Mark's, Augusta, Me. He next became rector of St. John's, Detroit, and there officiated until his election as assistant bishop of Milwaukee. He was consecrated Dec. 6, 1866, and labored harmoniously with his diocesan, Dr. Kemper, until the death of that venerable prelate in 1870, when he succeeded him in the bishopric of Wisconsin. He received the degree of S.T.D. from Columbia in 1866. He was an earnest preacher and a polished writer. He died from the effects of a surgical operation at St. Luke's hospital, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1873. ARMOUR, Philip D., manufacturer, was born at Stockbridge, Madison county, N. Y., May 16, 1832. He received a common-school education, and when twenty years old went with a party to California in search of gold, where he remained for several years. Upon his return he settled in Milwaukee, Wis., where he engaged in a grocery and commission business. In 1863 he became associated with John Plankinton in the business of packing pork and beef. In 1875 he removed to Chicago and greatly extended the business. In 1895 his establishment employed twelve thousand persons, to whom it paid in wages nearly seven millions of dollars annually. Mr. Armour also