Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 01.djvu/113

ANDERSON.ANDERSON. and was brevetted captain. In the Mexican war he served on the staff of General Scott as assistant adjutant-general, and was wounded in the battle of Molino del Rey. He was made major of the 1st artillery in 1857, and took command of the troops stationed in Charleston harbor with headquarters in Fort Moultrie, Nov. 20, 1860. When the political disturbance in South Carolina reached the point of warlike demonstrations, he demanded reinforcements in order to defend the government property. Failing to receive support he on the night of Dec. 26, 1860, spiked the guns at Fort Moultrie and burned the carriages, and withdrew the eighty-three men of his command to Fort Sumter, where he made his famous defence. On April 14, 1861, he surrendered the fort to the South Carolinians, marching out with the honors of war, after defending it bravely against a bombardment of thirty-six hours. He sailed with his men for New York city the next day, where he received from the authorities and the nation the honor and thanks justly due for his brave action. President Lincoln immediately promoted him brigadier-general in the United States army, and assigned him to the department of Kentucky and subsequently to the department of the Cumberland. His health failed him and he was relieved from active duty in October, 1861, and resigned from active service Oct. 27, 1863. He received promotion as brevet major-general, Feb. 3, 1865. In 1869 he went abroad, hoping to recuperate his health. General Anderson was one of the founders of the Soldiers' Home in Washington. He translated and adapted from the French "Instructions for Field Artillery, Horse and Foot" (1840), and "Evolutions of Field Batteries" (1860). He died in Nice, France, Oct. 27, 1871. ANDERSON, Robert Houstoun, soldier, was born in Savannah, Ga., Oct. 1, 1835. He was appointed to the U. S. military academy in 1853, and was graduated in 1857 brevet 2d lieutenant of infantry. From 1857 to 1858 he served on garrison duty at Fort Columbus, N. Y., and on Dec. 29, 1857, was promoted 2d lieutenant of the 9th infantry. From 1858 to 1861 he was on frontier duty at Fort Walla Walla, Washington territory, and resigned May 17, 1861, to join the Confederate army in the civil war. He was commissioned a major, and arose by successive promotions to the rank of brigadier-general for gallant service throughout the war. In 1867 he was elected chief of police in his native city, where he died Feb. 8, 1888. ANDERSON, Rufus, missionary, was born at North Yarmouth, Me., Aug. 17, 1796. He was graduated from Bowdoin college in 1818 and from the Andover theological seminary in 1822. He was ordained as minister in 1826, and held the position of corresponding secretary to the American board of foreign missions for forty-two years, making visits in its interests to the Levant, India, Syria, Turkey and the Hawaiian Islands. From 1867 to 1869 he delivered at Andover seminary lectures on foreign missions. In 1868 Dartmouth college conferred upon him the degree of LL.D., and he was made a fellow of the American Oriental society. His publications include: "Foreign Missions, their Relations and Claims"; "Memoir of Catharine Brown" (1825); "Observations upon the Peloponnesus and Greek Islands" (1830); "The Hawaiian Islands, their Progress and Condition under Missionary Labor" (1864); "Bartimeus, the Blind Preacher of Maui"; "Kapiolani, the Heroine of Hawaii," and several publications relating to missions. He died May 30, 1880. ANDERSON, Thomas MacArthur, soldier, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1836. He was a nephew of Gen. Robert Anderson. He was graduated at Mount St. Mary's college, Emmittsburg, Md., in 1855, and at the Cincinnati law school in 1858. He practised at Newport, Ky., 1858-'61; was a private in the 6th Ohio volunteers, April 20 to May 15, 1861, when he was transferred to the regular army as 1st lieutenant in the 2d U.S. cavalry, and was made captain in the 12th infantry, Oct. 8, 1861. He was brevetted major, Aug. 1, 1864, and lieutenant-colonel, August, 1864. He was twice wounded, and escaped from Libby prison. He was transferred to the 21st infantry, Sept. 21, 1866; promoted major, March 26, 1868; assigned to the 10th infantry, June 24, 1869; was government attorney in the Mexican depredation claim of 1873, and commanded the infantry in Mackenzie's campaign of 1875. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 9th infantry, March 20, 1879, and colonel of the 14th infantry, Sept. 6, 1886, when he commanded Fort Cuvier, Washington Territory, the department of the Columbia and a sub-district in Alaska. In the war with Spain he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, May 4, 1898, and assigned to the department of the Pacific, and was promoted major-general of volunteers, Aug. 13, 1898. He commanded the 1st division of the 8th army corps in the Philippines. He was promoted brigadier-general in the regular army,