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31 the value of lands in Slave States adjoining Freedom is advanced, while the value of corresponding lands in Free States is diminished. The effects of Freedom and Slavery are reciproeral,

cal. Slavery is a bad neighbor. Freedom is a good neighbor. In Virginia, lands naturally poor are, by their nearness to Freedom, worth $12.98 an acre, while richer lands in other parts of the State are worth only $8.42. In Illinois, lands bordering upon Slavery are worth only $4.54 an acre, while other lands in Illinois are worth $8.05. As in the value of lands so in all other influences is Slavery felt for evil, and Freedom felt for good and thus is it clearly shown to be for the interest of the Slave States to be surrounded by a circle of Free States. Thus, at every point is the character of Slavery more and more manifest, rising and dilating into an overshadowing Barbarism, darkening the whole land. Through its influence, popu;

lation,

values of

all

kinds, manufactures, commerce, railroads,

canals, charities, the post-office,

colleges, professional schools,

academies, public schools, newspapers, periodicals, books, authorship, inventions, are all stunted, and, under a Government

which professes to be founded on the intelligence of the people, one in twelve of the white adults in the region of Slavery is officially reported as unable to read and write. Never was the saying of Montesquieu more triumphantly verified, that countries are not cultivated by reason of their fertility, but by reason of their liberty.

by every

To

this truth the Slave States constantly testify-

possible voice.

Liberty

is

the powerful agent which

drives the plow, the spindle, and the keel

which opens avenues of all kinds which inspires charity which awakens a love of knowledge, and supplies the means of gratifying it. Liberty

is

the

first





of schoolmasters.

Unerring and passionless figures thus far have been our witnesses. But their testimony will be enhanced by a final glance at the geographical character of the Slave States and here there is a singular and instructive parallel.

Jefferson described Virginia as fast sinking to be " the Barbary of the Union" meaning, of course, the Barbary of his day, which had not yet turned against Slavery. In this allusion he was wiser than he knew. Though on different sides of the Atlantic and on different continents, our Slave States and the original Barbary States occupy nearly the same parallels of latitude

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