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The number

of graduates in the Free States was 47,752, in the

Slave States, 19,648



number of

the

ministers educated in

Slave colleges was 747, in the Free colleges, 10,702 and the number of volumes in the libraries of Slave colleges, 808,011 If the materials in the libraries of the Free colleges, 667,227.

were

at

hand

for a comparison

and

ings, cabinets,

scholarship, the difference

Of professional

between these

scientific apparatus,

schools,

would be

still

colleges, in build-

or in the standard of

more apparent.

teaching law, medicine, and theology,

the Free States had 65, with 269 professors, 4426 students, and 175,951 volumes in their libraries while the Slave States had

only 32 professional schools, with 122 professors, 1807 stuThe whole numdents, and 30,796 volumes in their libraries. ber educated at these institutions in the Free States was 23,513, in the Slave States, 3812.

Of

these, the largest

number

in the

Slave States study law, next medicine, and lastly theology. According to the census, there are only 808 in the Slave theological schools,

colleges



and

and 747 studying

for the ministry in the Slave

this is all the record

we have

of the education of

the Slave clergy.

Of academies and private schools, in 1850, the Free States, notwithstanding their multitudinous public schools, had 3197, with 7175 teachers, 154,893 pupils, and an annual income of $2,457,372 the Slave States had 2797 academies and private schools, with 4913 teachers, 104,976 pupils, and an annual income of $2,079,724. In the absence of public schools, to a

the dependence must be and yet even in these the Slave chiefly upon whether States, we consider the numthe Free below States fall

where Slavery

large extent,

private schools

exists,



ber of pupils, the number of teachers, or the amount paid for their support.

In public schools, open to all, alike the poor and the rich, the eminence of the Free States is complete. Here the figures show a difference as wide as that between Freedom and SlavTheir number in the Free States is 62,433, with 72,621 ery. teachers, and with 2,769,901 pupils, supported by an annual expense of $6,780,337. Their number in the Slave States is 18,507, with 19,307 teachers, and with 581,861 pupils, supported by an annual expense of $2,719,534. This difference may be illustrated by details. Virginia, an old State, and more than