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 used in the study of ancient tongues and bygone things, or in reading books of German philosophy.

And concerning the various sorts of pipes, their excellences, their vices, and the uses of each sort, let such things have been said.

Now it having been shown that each pipe is appropriate to a certain disposition of the mind, from which ariseth the questions—Do certain pipes produce certain dispositions, or do certain dispositions produce certain pipes?—that is to say, are the influences which are undoubtedly exerted by pipes inherent in them, or are they only the results of association? On this point much dispute has arisen; for it is maintained, on the one hand, by Smalgruelius that men are moved to read German philosophy by smoking German pipes, which (he insists) have a certain occult influence on the mind owing chiefly to the strange arrangement and shape of the bowl, and also to the manner in which they are held. To him consents Arnoldus, who declares