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282 from that of the mother country. The relative infrequency of hyphenated names in America is familiar ; when they appear at all it is almost always in response to direct English influences. Again, a number of English family names have undergone modification in the New World. V enable may serve as a speci- men. The form in England is almost invariably Venables, but in America the final s has been lost, and every example of the name that I have been able to find in the leading American reference-books is without it. And where spellings have re- mained unchanged, pronunciations have been frequently modi- fied. This is particularly noticeable in the South. Callowhill, down there, is commonly pronounced Carrol; Crenshawe is Granger; Hawthorne, Horton; Heyward, Howard; Norsworthy, Nazary; Ironimonger, Hunger; Farinholt, F email; Camp, Kemp; Buchanan, Bohannan; Drewry, Droit, Enroughty, Darby; and Taliaferro, Tolliver. The English Crowninshields pronounce every syllable of their name ; the American Cronminshields com- monly make it Crunshel. Van Schaick, an old New York name, is pronounced Von Scoik. A good many American Jews, aim- ing at a somewhat laborious refinement, change the pronuncia- tion of the terminal stein in their names so that it rhymes, not with line, but with bean. Thus, in fashionable Jewish circles, there are no longer any Epsteins, Goldsteins and Hammer- steins but only Epsteens, Goldsteens and Hammersteens. The American Jews differ further from the English in pronounc- ing Levy to make the first syllable rhyme with tea; the English Jews always make the name Lev-vy, To match such