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218 inferior to our present races. We will refer further on to this question.

The opinion expressed in Germany is explicable, in the first place, by the fact that they commenced by attributing the femur of Java to a man without further question. In the second place, they emphasized too much the simian characters of the cranium and teeth. They saw that, according to these characters, the race of Java could not be attributed to the human species, but forgot that, according to other characters, they had no right to attribute it to the race of monkeys. For no known anthropoid approaches the fossil race of Trinil either by its cranial capacity or by its occipital characters at an adult age.

Besides, a view of the remains themselves and a more thorough study of them have already resulted, so it seems, in a change of the opinions first expressed.

Be that as it may, Mr. Dubois can congratulate himself on seeing placed in relief, at Berlin, the reasons according to which his Pithecanthropus could not be a man and, in England, much better reasons according to which the same Pithecanthropus could not be a monkey.

The question rested there until the International Zoölogical Congress was held in Leyden, September, 1895. At this congress, where were found such eminent zoölogists and anatomists as Sir W. H. Flower of London, A. Milne Edwards, Perrier and Filhol of Paris, and others, Mr. Dubois showed the fossil pieces from Trinil, to which was added another tooth (2d molar) which he mistook at first, before having completely cleared it from its matrix, for a tooth of Suidæ. The view of the originals did not result in calling forth decided affirmations from the Congress. According to the information that I received from Mr. Dubois and from Professor Kollmann of Bâle, and according to a communication made to the Paris Academy of Sciences by Milne Edwards, the question was considered as demanding further research. Professor Virchow, without committing himself, emphasized certain pithecoid characters of the skull and femur, notably the resemblance of the femur to that of the gibbon; he showed especially that, according to researches made in the collections of Pathological Anatomy of Berlin, the voluminous osseous vegetation presented by the femur of Trinil in the posterior sub-trochanterian region might be due to an abscess from congestion of the thigh, probably following a caries vertebral.

Mr. Dubois having satisfied himself, at Leyden, that the direct view of the fossil remains from Java contributed much to corroborate his demonstrations, kindly took those remains first to Brussels, then to Paris, then to Dublin, to Edinburgh,