Page:The American Indian.djvu/341

Rh would express genetic relationships. Now, the conception of a linguistic stock is a group of languages all the members of which have a common ancestor, and between whom it is possible to establish degrees of relationship. Hence, the moment we identify a language as belonging to a definite stock, we automatically assert its genetic relationship. In this sense, the classification of the linguistic characters of man is superior to the present classification of his cultural characters.

We have now a considerable number of specialists in North American languages, but the task before them is so great that the investigations of the several stocks have not progressed far enough to make possible a comprehensive statement of the whole subject. In scarcely a single case are we able to designate the type tongue for a stock or to indicate the historical relationships of its divisions. All this is for the future. At present, the refinement of classification seems to be the chief interest. As we have stated, even the stock designation is somewhat arbitrary, for greater familiarity with these languages has brought to light new similarities between what have heretofore been regarded as distinct stocks. For instance, the

1. Algonquian 2. Athapascan 3. Attacapan 4. Beothukan 5. Caddoan 6. Chimakuan 7. Chimarikan 8. Chimmesyan 9. Chinookan 10. Chitimachan 11. Chumashan 12. Coahuiltecan 13. Costanoan 14. Eskimauan 15. Esselenian 16. Haida 17. Iroquoian 18. Kalapooian 19. Karankawa}}

20. Keresan 21. Kiowan 22. Klamath 23. Kusan 24. Kutenai 25. Maidu 26. Moquelumnan 27. Muskhogean 28. Piman 29. Pomo 30. Quoratean 31. Salinan 32. Salishan 33. Shahaptin 34. Shastan 35. Shoshonean 36. Siouan 37. Siuslaw 38. Takelma

39. Tanoan 40. Timucuan 41. Tlingit 42. Tonkawa 43. Tunican 44. Uchean 45. Waiilatpuan 46. Wakashan 47. Washoan 48. Weitspekan 49. Wintun 50. Wishoskan 51. Yakona 52. Yanan 53. Yokuts 54. Yukian 55. Yuman 56. Zuñian