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 ZUG which he ventured to return to Eome to fin- ish his frescoes there. Subsequently he was employed by Philip II. in the Escurial ; but his works were expunged after his dismissal, though the king gave him a handsome compen- sation. He afterward practised his art while travelling in Italy from one town to another, founded the academy of St. Luke in Rome in 1595, and was engaged in excavations. He was also known as a sculptor, poet, and ar- chitect, and wrote I? Idea de' pittori, scultori ed architetti. He finished the Farnese fres- coes in the palace of Caprarola and other works of his brother Taddeo. ZEG. L A central and the smallest canton of Switzerland, bordering on Zurich, Schwytz, Lucerne, and Aargau ; area, 92 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 20,993, nearly all Catholics and speak- ing German. It is mountainous in the south- east and level in the southwest, and is famous for its orchards and cattle. The N. part of the lake of Zug is in this canton, and the S. part in Schwytz. It is about 1,400 ft. above the level of the sea, 8 m. long and from 1 to 3 m. broad, and navigable for steamers; the banks are low or gradually sloping hills, except on the south, where the precipices of the Rigi, which is between Lakes Zug and Lucerne, in conjunction with the more distant Mt. Pilatus, present a picturesque panorama. At the S. E.' corner of the lake is the Rufi or Rossberg, 5,200 ft. high. In the S. E. part of Zug is the small lake of Egeri, nearly 2,400 ft. above the sea, with romantic scenery. On its shores, on the confines of Zug and Schwytz, js the site of the battle of Morgarten, where in 1315 the Swiss conquered their independence. The Lorze, an outlet of this lake, drains the can- ton, passes through the lake of Zug, and finally flows into the Reuss. Zug was the seventh canton admitted into the confederation, in 1352. It joined the Sonderbund founded in 1843, and sided with the Catholics in all sub- sequent contests. The constitution of 1848 is more democratic than the former ones. The great council consists of 67 members, five of whom are chosen by that body, and the rest by the people. The executive council consists of 11 members. II. A town (anc. Tugium), capital of the canton, at the N. E. end of Lake Zug, 15 m. S. of Zurich ; pop. in 1870, 4,279. It is situated at the foot of the Zugerberg and surrounded by orchards and vineyards. It has old walls, an arsenal, a college, and a library. The church of St. Michael, in the outskirts, has a fine cemetery. ZIIDER ZEE. See ZUTDER ZEE. 71 IM.LII S. See ZWIXGLI. 7111151 SI II, Kaspar, a German sculptor, born in Munich about 1830. He has executed the monument of Maximilian II. at Munich, that of Beethoven at Augsburg (1874), and many busts and statues, including those of Louis II., Wagner, Schonbein, and Rumford. ZIJMPT, Karl Gottlob, a German scholar, born in Berlin, March 20, 1792, died in Karlsbad, ZURBARAN 837 June 25, 1849. He studied under Creuzer in Heidelberg, and under Wolf and Bockh in Ber- lin, and was successively lecturer at the Werder and professor at the Joachimsthal gymnasium, and professor of history at the military school, and of Roman literature at the university of Berlin, where he became full professor in 1838. He published a Latin grammar (Berlin, 1818), which has passed through many editions, and was translated into English by Dr. L. Schmitz (3d ed., London, 1852), and an abridgment of it ; editions of Quintilian, Cicero, and Quintus Curtius ; numerous writings relating to Roman antiquity and to the life and usages of the Roman rulers ; Annales Veterum JRegnorum et Populorum, imprimis Romanorum (1819; 3d ed., 1862) ; Ueber die bauliche Einrichtung des romischen Wohnhauses (2d ed., 1851); and Die Religion der Rimer (1845). His nephew, AU- GUST WILHELM ZTJMPT (born in Konigsberg, Dec. 4, 1815, and since 1851 professor of classi- cal philosophy at the Friedrich Wilhelm gym- nasium in Berlin), has written his life, and also Commentationum Epigraphicarum ad Antiqui- tates Romanas pertinentium Volumen (2 vols., 1840-'54), Studia Romano, (1859), Das Crimi- nalrecht der romischen Republik (4 vols., 1865- '8), Der Criminalprocess der romischen Repu- blic (1871), &c. ZCNIGA. See EECILLA T ZufiiGA. ZUNZ, Leopold, a German Hebraist, born in Detmold, of Jewish parents, Aug. 10, 1794. He studied under Wolf, De Wette, and Bockh in Berlin. He was preacher at the German synagogue in 1820-'22, one of the editors of the Spener'sche Zeitvng from 1824 to 1832, and from 1825 to 1829 also principal of the new Jewish communal school. In 1835 he became preacher at Prague, and from 1839 to 1850 was director of the normal seminary at Ber- lin. In 1845 he was adjoined to the commis- sion appointed by the government for devi- sing measures in regard to the educational and communal interests of the Jews in Prussia. His writings include Etwas uber die rabbinische Litteratur (Berlin, 1818) ; Die gottesdienstli- chen Vortrage der Jitden (1832), a work of wide scope, which placed him in the foremost rank of Jewish historical critics; Die Namen der Juden (1836) ; Die synagogale Poesie des Mit- telalter (1855) ; Der Ritus des synagogalen Got- tesdienstes geschichtlich entwickelt (1859); Li- teraturgeschichte der synagogalen Poesie (1865) ; and Ur-lia- TzedeTc (in Hebrew, 1874). The first volume of his Gesammelte Schriften was pub- lished in 1875. ZCRBABAN, Frandsco, a Spanish painter, born in 1598, died in Seville in 1662. He was edu- cated in the school of Juan de Roelas in Se- ville, and early formed his style on that of Caravaggio. He also gave great attention to draperies, which he never painted without the object before him, and in general made nature his guide in all things. He first brought him- self into notice by a series of pictures for the chapel of St. Peter in the cathedral of Seville,