Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/835

 ZANGUEBAR eion) and the Cincinnati and Muskingum Val- ley lines. The Muskingum river is navigable by steamers to Dresden, 17m. above the city, whence the Ohio canal affords means of trans- portation. The surrounding country is fertile, and is the source of a profitable trade. The chief interest is manufacturing, for which facilities are afforded by the water power in the rivers and the bituminous coal, iron ore, limestone, and clays of the adjacent country. There are two blast furnaces (one not in operation), a rolling mill, three large machine shops (producing stationary and portable engines, largely shipped to foreign countries), four founderies for cast- ings and hollow ware, a manufactory of agri- cultural implements, four glass factories (one of window glass and three of bottles and hollow ware), two paper mills (one producing print- ing paper and the other printing and straw wrapping paper), a manufactory of burial cases, two of tile (one for roofing and the other, the only one of the kind in the United States, for flooring), six potteries, three soap factories, two tanneries, three sash and blind factories, a brass foundery, a wagon factory, two carriage factories, machine shops of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, four large flouring mills, two woollen mills, and a cotton mill. The city contains a national bank and three private banks, with an aggregate capital of nearly $500,000. There are a high school and 18 ward school buildings, with 64 graded schools and one German school. John Mclntyre, the founder of the city, left at his death an estate now valued at more than $300,000 for the benefit of free schools. The principal schools not under the control of the city are the Put- nam female seminary, with a library of 2,500 volumes, and two Roman Catholic schools. A daily and five weekly newspapers are pub- lished. The Zanesville Athenaeum has a read- ing room and a library of 5,500 volumes. There are 22 churches, viz. : 4 Baptist, 1 Epis- copal, 2 Jewish, 2 Lutheran, 1 Methodist, 5 Methodist Episcopal, 4 Presbyterian, 2 Roman Catholic, and 1 United Brethren in Christ. Zanesville was settled in 1799, and from 1810 to 1812 was the capital of the state. ZANGUEBAR. See ZANZIBAK. ZANTE, or Zacyntlms. I. A nomarchy of the kingdom of Greece, comprising the Ionian isl- and of the same name and several smaller isl- ands; area, 277 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 44,557. The island of Zante, 15 m. W. of the Morea and 10 m. S. of Cephalonia, is about 23 m. long and 12m. broad, and is the third in extent but the first in productiveness of the Ionian isles. It consists mainly of a plain covered with vine- yards of the small grapes which when dried are known in commerce as "Zante currants," of which 11,000,000 Ibs. were exported in 1873. The production of olive oil in the same year amounted to 2,500 tons. Some good wine is made. The manufactures consist of white and blue cottonades, silk stuffs, handkerchiefs and scarfs, horsehair cloths, soap, bricks, tiles, &c. ZANZIBAR 805 The name of the island is said to be derived from the founder of the chief city, Zacynthus, an Arcadian chieftain. Thucydides relates that at a later period Zacynthus received a colony of Achseans from the Peloponnesus. It .was generally an ally of Athens until after the Pe- loponnesian war, when it seems to have fallen under the dominion of Sparta. It subsequently fell under the sway of Macedon, was occupied by the Romans during the second Punic war, and afterward shared the fate of the neighbor- ing islands. (See IONIAN ISLANDS.) II. A city, capital of the nomarchy, on the S. E. coast of the island ; pop. in 1870, 17,516. It is the seat of a Greek archbishop and a Roman Catholic bishop, and has five churches, a theatre, an ar- senal, and a citadel. The harbor is large, and the best in the group except that of Corfu. In a marsh about 12 m. S. are petroleum wells, known since the time of Herodotus. The chief exports are currants and olive oil. Exclusive of Austrian and Greek steamers, the arrivals of vessels in 1873 numbered 473, and the de- partures 457 ; total tonnage, 75,223. ZANZIBAR, a country on the E. coast of Africa, comprising the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, and Mafia, and other smaller islands, and the coast opposite to them from the island of Warsheikh, lat. 2 30' N., to the village of Kionga, S. of Cape Delgado, in lat. 10 45' S. The word Zanzibar is a modification of Zan- guebar or Zinguebar, the name given by Por- tuguese traders to that part of the mainland of Africa between the river Juba and Cape Del- gado, which is inhabited by the indigenous negro race. It is derived from Zing, the old Arabic name of the E. African negroes, and bar, the Persian or Indian word for country. The name is now obsolete among the natives, and the coasts of the mainland are called sim- ply Es-sawahil, the coasts ; but it is still used by Europeans to designate the entire territory ruled by the seyid or sultan of Zanzibar, as well as the island on which is his seat of gov- ernment. The mainland has been but little explored back of the coast, as the seyid's au- thority is scarcely recognized beyond the walled towns garrisoned by his troops. The country N. of the Juba is occupied mostly by the So- mauli or Eesah tribes, and S. of it by the Gal- las and other smaller tribes. The principal rivers are the Juba, which, though closed by a bar, is navigable for small craft, the Dana, the Sabaki, the Rufu, the Wami and Kin- gani opposite the island of Zanzibar, both of which are navigable, the Lufiji or Rufiji, and the Rovuma. The Lufiji is probably the most important, as it has a depth of five or six feet and a width of 250 yards, 30 m. from its mouth, in the dry season. The country watered by these rivers is very fertile, and supplies all kinds of tropical productions, including sugar, cotton, coffee, cocoa, cloves, nutmegs, cinna- mon, Guinea pepper, sesame, and indigo, be- sides maize, millet, and rice. The forests fur- nish valuable timber and great quantities of