Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/809

 YELLOW SPRINGS ing the Corean archipelago. The sea is very shallow, and it derives its name from the tur- bidness of its waters, which flow over a bot- tom of yellow alluvium easily stirred up by vessels passing over it. Its length is about 600 m., and its greatest breadth about 400 m. The Hoaug-ho or Yellow river carries into it an immense quantity of detritus. YELLOW SPRINGS, a village of Miami town- ship, Greene co., Ohio, 75 m. N. E. of Cincin- nati; pop. in 1870, 1,435. It is on the Spring- field branch of the Little Miami division of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis rail- road. It takes its name from a mineral spring of local celebrity. The village has a graded school for white children, an ungraded school for colored children, and Baptist (colored), Christian, Episcopal, Methodist (one white and one colored), Presbyterian, and Roman Catho- lic churches. It is chiefly noted as the seat of Antioch college. (See ANTIOCH COLLEGE.) The village was incorporated in 1854. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR. See WYO- MING, territory. YELLOWSTONE RIVER, a tributary of the Missouri, rising in Yellowstone lake, in the Yellowstone national park, N. W. Wyoming, near the sources of the Madison (the main constituent of the Missouri) and the Snake. It flows first N. through a series of canons, about 100 m., into and through a portion of Montana, when, issuing from the mountains, it pursues an E. N. E. course of about 500 m. to its mouth on the border of Montana and Dakota. The lake is 22 by 15 m. in extent, with an elevation of 7,788 ft. above the sea and a maximum depth of 300 ft. Its shores are rugged but picturesque. It contains im- mense numbers of salmon trout. The Upper Yellowstone, about 25 m. long, the ultimate source of the river, flows into it. The elevation of the mouth of the Yellowstone is 2,010 ft. About 15 m. below the lake are the upper falls, where the river, after passing through a series of rapids, makes an abrupt descent of 140 ft. The lower falls, J m. further down, are 360 ft. high. The stream then flows for 20 m. through the Grand canon, whose perpendicular sides, from 200 to 500 yards apart, rise to the height of 1,000 ft. Jnst below the Grand cafion the river receives Tower creek, which flows through a gloomy cafion, 10 m. long, known as the "Devil's Den." About 200 yards above its mouth the creek has an abrupt fall of 156 ft., surrounded by columns of breccia resembling towers. Below the mountains the course of the Yellowstone lies through a wide open val- ley bounded by high rolling hills. Lignite is abundant along its banks. Its chief tributaries, proceeding down the stream, are Shields river and Great and Little Porcupine rivers on the left, and Beaver river, Big Rosebud creek, Clarke's fork, Pryor's, Big Horn, Rosebud, Tongue, and Powder rivers on the right. The Big Horn and Powder are much the largest of these tributaries. The Yellowstone is navi- YEMASSEES 781 gable to near the mouth of the Big Horn, about 300 m. above the Missouri. YELLOW-THROAT (geoMypis trichas, Caban.), a very common North American warbler. It is 5 in. long and 7 in. in extent of wings; the color is olive-green above, tinged with brown on the crown ; chin, throat, breast, and under tail coverts, bright yellow ; abdomen dull whi- tish buff ; broad black band on forehead, bor- dered behind by hoary white ; in winter in the males, and always in the females, there is no black band on the forehead ; the wings are short and rounded, with the fourth quill the longest, the tail considerably graduated, and the legs long and yellow. It is found through- out North America, but is most abundant in the middle states, especially in Maryland, pre- ferring the neighborhood of swamps. The Tellow-throat (Geothlypis trichas). song, though not very musical, is pleasing, and from its frequent repetition forces itself on one's notice, as it hops from twig to twig in search of insects, caterpillars, and spiders, ut- tering its " whittititee." The nest is made on the ground, even partly sunk in it, and is oc- casionally covered, whence the common name of "oven bird;" it is constructed externally of leaves and grass, and lined with hair ; the eggs are four to six, by -J- in., white with light brown specks, and are laid about the middle of May. Its nest is often selected by the cow bird as the place of deposit for one of its para- sitic eggs, which is generally hatched out at the expense of the yellow-throat's own off- spring, this warbler not possessing the remark- able instinct of another noticed under YELLOW BIED. In some districts it raises two broods in a season. YEMASSEES, Yamassces, or Savannahs, a tribe of American Indians figuring in South Caro- lina history, and apparently comprising some or all of the bands of southern or Spanish Shawnees. They were in Florida about 1680, and soon after commenced hostilities against the Spaniards. They then retired to the Sa- vannah and settled on the N". E. side, where, becoming allies of th English, who called them first Savannahs and then Yemassees, they formed a check to the Spaniards. In 1705 they were won over by the latter, or from their restless character formed a confederacy of tribes, and began a general massacre, April 15. They advanced to Stono, killing all and burning the settlements. Gov. Craven met