Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/800

 772 YAIiOSLAV YATES government, at the junction of the Kotorosl and the Volga, 150 m. N. E. of Moscow ; pop. in 1867, 87,276. It is an episcopal see, and has more than 60 churches, several convents, a theological seminary, a richly endowed lyceum and other schools, manufactories of woollen, linen, silk, hells, &c., and much trade. TAROSLA V, grand duke of Russia. See RUS- SIA, vol. xiv., p. 489. YARRELL, WillltB, a British naturalist, born in St. James's, Westminster, in June, 1784, died in Yarmouth in September, 1856. He was a newspaper agent, and became a naturalist from being a sportsman. In 1824 he was chosen a member of the Linnrean society, and hence- forth constantly contributed to its "Transac- tions " and to other periodical publications on natural history. He was one of the first members of the zoological society, and con- tributed 17 papers to the first volume of its transactions. Although self-taught, his ana- tomical descriptions are remarkable for their accuracy. He was the first to prove that the whitebait is a distinct species of fish, and not the young of the shad or herring. Besides about 70 monographs, he wrote "The History of British Fishes" (2 vols. 8vo, 1835-'6; sup- plement, 1839 ; 3d ed., with a memoir, 1859), and " The History of British Birds " (8 vols., 1839-'43 ; 3d ed., 1856). These works contain interesting descriptions and wood engravings of all the species of British birds and fishes. YARROW (A. S. gearwe), the common name for Achillfii millqfolium, a plant of the com- posite family, sometimes called milfoil, intro- duced from Eu- rope, where, as well as in nearly all parts of this country, it is a common weed, especially around settlements. The genus Achillea belongs to the same subfamily with chamomile, wormwood, tan- sy, and other strong - smelling composites, and contains a large number of spe- cies ; the one known as yar- row is a peren- nial, with a creeping rootstock ; the plant ap- pears in spring as a fiat dense cluster, 6 to 12 in. across, of finely and beautifully dissected leaves ; later in the season there rise from the centre of this simple leafy stems, bearing at the top a dense terminal flat-topped corymb of small white flowers; the few rays are toothed at the apex, and are fertile, as are the whitish disk flowers. Occasionally the flowers are tinged pinkish, and sometimes a deep rose Yarrow (Achillea mlllefollum). color, a form often found in gardens as A. rosea. The flowers and leaves have a bitter and astringent taste, and an aromatic odor, due to a volatile oil, which when separated by dis- tillation is of a fine blue color. Yarrow was formerly much used as a vulnerary and to suppress internal haemorrhages, and is still oc- casionally employed as a tonic and astringent. In some parts of Sweden it is put into beer as a substitute for hops. Though generally re- garded as a weed, it appears to possess consid- erable nutritive properties, and it has been recommended in England as an addition to pastures. The double form of A. ptarmica, or sneezewort, with white flowers, is cultivated, as are also the yellow-flowered A. tomentosa and some others. YARROW, a river of Selkirkshire, Scotland, which rises at Yarrow Cleugh, 1J m. E. of Loch Skene, and pursues a general E. N. E. course of 25 m., flowing through Lochs Lowes and St. Mary, and uniting with the Ettrick, a tributary of the Tweed, m. above Selkirk. Its current is fierce and precipitous. On its banks are the ruins of Newark castle, and Bow- hill, the seat of the duke of Buccleuch. It re- ceives about 40 small tributaries. YASSY. See JASST. YATES, a W. county of Now York, bounded E. by Seneca lake, and W. partly by Canan- daigua and Crooked (now Keuka) lakes, the latter extending half way across the middle of the county ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 19,595 ; in 1875, 19,686. The surface is generally undulating or hilly, and the soil is a fertile sandy loam. Iron ore is found. The county is intersected by the Northern Central railroad, and by the Crooked Lake canal. The chief productions in 1870 were 414,869 bushels of wheat, 28,375 of rye, 837,983 of Indian corn, 507,165 of oats, 854,067 of barley, 30,608 of buckwheat, 169,692 of potatoes, 670,272 Ibs. of butter, 41,014 of cheese, 402,176 of wool, and 39,575 tons of hay. There were 6,692 horses, 6,511 milch cows, 6,491 other cattle, 74,439 sheep, and 5,656 swine; 5 manufactories of agricultural implements, 3 of bricks, 23 of car- riages and wagons, 11 of saddlery and harness, 5 flour mills, 2 distilleries, 3 planing mills, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Penn Yan. YATES, Edmnnd Hodgson, an English novelist, born in July, 1831. He is the son of an actor, and was for several years employed in the London post office as chief of the missing- letter department, retiring in 1872. He has been editor of " Our .Miscellany," " Temple Bar," and "Tinsloy's" magazines, and now (1876) edits the " World " newspaper. In 1872-'3 he lectured in the United States. He has published "My Haunts and their Fre- quenters " (1854) ; " After Office Hours " (1861) ; " Broken to Harness " (1864) ; " Pages in Waiting," "Running the Gauntlet," and "The Business of Pleasure" (1865); "Land at Last" and " Kissing the Rod " (1866) ; " The Forlorn Hope " and " Black Sheep " (1867) ;