Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/799

 YAQUIS resembling a rudimentary sixth toe; the fe- males have a perfect pouch; the habits are aquatic. It has large cheek pouches, and some of the lower molars have their tubercles ar- ranged in a longitudinal series. The length is about 2 ft., of which the tail is 13 in., in proportions like the common brown rat ; the fur is soft and thick, gray above, with large sooty-black patches, especially on the back, and white below. In habits it resembles the otters, with which it was long classed ; it is an excel- lent diver and swimmer, and feeds upon small fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic animals. YAQ11S, or Hlaqnis, an Indian tribe in Sonora, Mexico, occupying Cocorin, Bacum, Torin, and five other towns on the Yaqui river. They are allied to the Pimas, and their language is a dialect of the Cahita. They are mild and tractable, but independent and brave in war. They are industrious, and make good farm la- borers, miners, and boatmen. They weave cot- ton and agave, and make good pottery. They have a large stock of horses, sheep, and cattle. Catholic missions were begun among them in 1590. As a nation they are ruled by their own laws, and make their towns asylums, never surrendering a fugitive. They revolted against Spanish and Mexican rule in 1735, 1825, 1832, and 1841. In 1825 and 1832 they were led by Banderas, an able and eloquent commander, who was finally defeated by Gen. Urea. They speak in a loud rough tone, and their name is said to mean "He who shouts." YARKAND, a city of East Turkistan, on the left bank of the river Yarkand, about 105 m. (ac- cording to the latest maps) S. E. of Kashgar ; lat. 38 20' N.,lon. 77 30' E. ; pop. estimated by some at more than 100,000, but by late author- ities at 30,000. It is surrounded by an earthen wall, and has two stone citadels, one on the S. side and one within the walls. The streets are intersected by canals. There are many cara- vansaries and mosques, two large bazaars, and several Mohammedan colleges. Silk, cotton, linen, and woollen cloths are manufactured, and an active trade is carried on with the sur- rounding cities. The trade in horses is im- portant, and horse flesh is sold in the markets. Yarkand was formerly the capital of the Mo- hammedan kingdom of Kashgar, and was con- quered by the Chinese in 1757. In 1863 a re- volt broke out, which resulted in the expulsion of the Chinese and the formation of a Moham- medan government, with the capital at Kash- gar. The river Yarkand rises in the Kara- korum mountains, flows N. W. and N. E., and joins the Kashgar more than 300 m. below the city. The united streams form the Tarim, which drains the great plain of East Turkistan and empties into Lake Lob. YARMOUTH. I. A S. W. county of Nova Scotia, Canada, bordering on the Atlantic ocean, and intersected by Tusket river ; area, 736 sq. m.; pop. in 1871, 18,550, of whom 11,707 were of English, 4,852 of French, 1,004 of Irish, and 603 of Scotch origin or descent. YAROSLAV 771 The coast is deeply indented, and the surface is extremely diversified with mountains, rivers, and lakes. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in fishing. II. A port of entry and the capital of the county, on a bay on the 8. W. coast of the province, 140 m. S. W. of Halifax ; pop. in 1871, 5,335. It is in the midst of a fertile and well cultivated country. Ship building and fishing are largely engaged in. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $645,779; of exports, $272,277. Yarmouth contains many fine buildings, several hotels and banks, and manufactories of iron castings, machinery, and wooden ware. Two weekly newspapers are published. The Western Coun- ties railroad, now building (1876), is to connect the town with Annapolis. YARMOUTH, a municipal borough and sea- port in the county of Norfolk, England, at the mouth of the Yare, 19 m. E. of Norwich ; pop. in 1871, 41,792. It lies on both sides of the river, which is crossed by a drawbridge. The main part of the borough, known as Great Yarmouth, occupies a narrow peninsula about 1 m. long and m. wide, between the sea on the east and the Yare on the west, on which side is a fine quay about 1 m. long. Great Yarmouth contains the guildhall, the town hall, the church of St. Nicholas, founded in the reign of "William Rufus, a monument to Nel- son 144 ft. high, and a theatre. It has about 40 churches, of which about one fourth belong to the church of England. Little Yarmouth, on the "W. shore of the Yare, consisting mainly of private residences, and the village of Gorle- stone on the south toward the entrance to the harbor, were annexed to the borough by the reform act of 1832. The harbor, built and maintained at great expense and defended by coast batteries, is accessible to vessels of 200 tons. In 1873, 1,342 British vessels of 147,- 720 tons, and 134 foreign vessels of 20,180 tons, entered the port. The exports were valued at 109,320. Yarmouth is the prin- cipal seat of the herring fishery of England. Ship building is carried on, and crapes and other silk goods are manufactured. The site of Yarmouth was formerly the bed of an es- tuary, and became solid ground in the begin- ning of the llth century. The mouth of the river has since 1350 been diverted about 4 m. to the south. In the reign of Edward I. a wall 6,720 ft. long, with 10 gates and 16 towers, was built around three sides of the town. YAROSLAV (Russ. Yaroslavl). I. A central government of European Russia (formerly a grand duchy), bordering on Novgorod, olog- da, Kostroma, Vladimir, and Tver; area, 13 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,000,748 It is watered by the Volga and several smaller riv- ers including the Mologa. The country is flat, and occasionally marshy; the production of grain is inadequate for the consumption but cattle and vegetables are more abundant. are largely exported. The chief commercia place is Rybinsk. II. A city, capital of the