Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/773

 WYANDOTS potatoes, 348,142 Ibs. of butter, 311,964 of wool, and 23,403 tons of hay. There were 5,328 horses, 4,422 milch cows, 6,581 other cattle, 77,902 sheep, and 15,451 swine; 10 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 6 of furniture, 2 of iron castings, 1 of machinery, 2 flour mills, 16 saw mills, and 3 woollen mills. Capital, Upper Sandusky. WYANDOTS, an Indian tribe, of the Iroquois family, in the United States, known for the last century by this name, but previously call- ing themselves Tionontates or Dinondadies. They were originally on the shores of Lake Huron, about 40 m. S. W. of the Wendats or Hurons proper. They cultivated and traded in tobacco so extensively that the early French called them the Petun or Tobacco Indians. After the defeat of the Hurons, they too were attacked and nearly destroyed by the Iroquois. The survivors, with a few fugitive Hurons, fled to Black river, Wisconsin, and wandered to Lake Superior. In 1670 they were compelled by a war with the Sioux to betake themselves to Michilimackinac, whither they were accom- panied by Father Marquette. Their next re- moval was to Detroit, whence they extended their hunting grounds S. to Sandusky. Here about 1740 a reformatory mission was begun by the Jesuits, and in time nearly the whole tribe removed to the spot and took a promi- nent part in all our early Indian affairs in the west. In 1778 this part of the tribe was esti- mated to contain 180 men able to bear arms. In the war of 1812 it furnished 100 warriors to the English forces. In 1829 a band of about 40 was living on the river Huron W. of Lake Erie, in Michigan ; but the principal portion of the Wyandots, estimated at 600 souls, was col- lected on the head waters of the Sandusky river. By a treaty of April 6, 1832, they sold their lands in Ohio to the United States gov- ernment, and were removed, numbering 687, to the junction of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in the present state of Kansas, where they still remain. In 1836 a census showed their number to be 575, and in 1847, to be 687, in 117 families. By a treaty of Jan. 31, 1855, they acquired the right to become citizens, and the lands of the tribe were divided among them, giving to each person the ownership of about 40 acres. A band of 239 was still in 1875 on the Quapaw reservation. A small portion of the Wyandots remained near De- troit, and by a treaty made there in 1790 the English government assigned to them the Hu- ron reserve of 23,620 acres on Detroit river, where they still remain, their numbers having declined in this century from 200 to 72. The sasteretsi or hereditary king, with the national wampum, remained with this band. WYANDOTTE, a N. E. county of Kansas, separated from Missouri on the northeast by the Missouri river, and intersected in the S. part by the Kansas; area, 155 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,015 ; in 1875, 12,363. It is traversed by the Kansas Pacific and Missouri Pacific rail- WYATT 745 r ? i "rp? " Wcl1 timbered. and has a fertile soil. Ihe chief productions in 1870 were 18 - 695 bushels of wheat, 283,905 of Indian corn, 24,129 of oats, 52,339 of potatoes, 40,865 Ibs of butter, and 1,589 tons of hny; 1 railroad repair shop, 3 flour mills, and C saw mills Capital, Wyandotte. WYAKDOTTE, a city of Wayne co., Michigan on the Detroit river, 12 m. below Detroit pop. in 1870, 2,731 ; in 1874, 8,838. It has railroad communication by means of the Lake Shore and Michigan and the Canada Southern lines. It contains two blast furnaces, exten- sive rolling mills, stove works, a ship yard for the construction of iron vessels, extensive sil- ver smelting and refining works, a saw mill, and a planing mill. There are a savings bank, two union schools, a weekly newspaper, and six churches (Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyte- rian, and .Roman Catholic). It was incorpo- rated in 1867. WYMD01TE CAVE, a remarkable natural curiosity in Crav/ford co., Indiana, 4 m. from Leavenworth. It is 22 m. in extent, with a maximum width of 300 ft. and a height of 245 ft. The cave is dry, and contains a few narrow passages, but for the most part the galleries are broad and high, and frequently expand into great rooms. The interior pre- sents a wealth of crystalline ornamentations, said to exceed in extent and beauty those of the Mammoth cave. The two most extensive rooms are called Mammoth hall and the Sen- ate chamber. The former is 350 ft. long and 245 ft. high, and contains Monument moun- tain, 175 ft. high, on the top of which stand three great stalagmites. One of these, called Lot's wife, is pure white, and has the appear- ance of being draped. Wallace's grand dome rises 70 ft. above the mountain summit, or 245 ft. from the floor of the cave. In the Senate chamber is the Pillar of the Constitution, formed by a stalacto-stalagmitic deposit about 25 ft. in diameter and 80 ft. high, reaching from the top of a great stalagmite hill to the ceiling. Other points of interest are the White Cloud room, with its wave-like walls and ceil- ing coated with glistening crystals, like a frost- ing of snow ; the Island of Confusion, and Pur- gatory, where the rocks have the same rich coating; Pillared Palace, with its innumerable stalactites arranged in rich clusters ; Beauty's Bower, where the walls are covered with gyp- sum rosettes as white as snow ; the " snow banks," formed by myriads of fine loose crys- tals of alabaster ; and the gallery, where the floor glistens with acicular crystals of gypsum. In other rooms the stones are covered with fine hair-like crystals of Epsom salts from one to two inches long. WYATT, James, an English architect, born in Staffordshire, Aug. 3, 1746, accidentally killed near Marlborough, Sept. 5, 1813. He studied architecture in Rome and Venice, brought himself into notice by his designs for the Pantheon, in Oxford street, London, for