Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/738

 714 WOOL "WOOL (MANTJFAOTTOES OF) AUSTRALIA. I : ;..-!. Pun. CAP! OF GOOD HOPE. Pore. EITEK PLATK. Pan. Clipped. 1860. 186S. l-.Vi 1870. 1871. ]-;-. 1878. 1S74. 1S75. 60,225,000 155,750,000 160.000,000 lsO,000,000 185,750,000 181,780,000 190,'->25,000 222,500,000 80, ...... .<<> 00,995,000 92,750.000 107,750,000 105,500,000 109,500,000 124,500,000 186,750,000 26.225,000 89.000,000 41,500,000 48,225,000 46,000,000 55,750,000 47,500,000 49,000,000 49,000,000 14,750,000 25,000,000 26,225.000 29,000,000 80,500,000 84.000,000 82,500,000 84.225,000 40,500,000 199,225,000 ' 1*1,750,000 195,225,000 210,500.000 282,500,000 207,000,000 201,600,000 i: :,,.-.< I.HI MI 75,750,000 7^,500,000 69,000,000 74.225,1 too 78,000,000 B8JMO.< 72,500,000 7< >.:"<>. i 127,000,000 894,000,000 407,750,000 405,000,000 429.000,000 44>,000,000 470,225,000 4i!S500,000 494,750,000 f.:).226,000 191.000,000 197,500,000 .'12,500,000 217,500,000 225^00,000 281,825,000 242,225,000 The number of sheep and the production of wool in the United States have been reported by the federal census as follows : YEARS. Number of ihrtp. Pounds of wool. 1850... 21,728,220 52,516,959 I860 22.471,275 60.264.918 1-7" . 2s.477.951 100.102J8T The states producing the most in 1870 were: Ohio, 20,539,643 Ibs.; California, 11,391,748; New York, 10,599,225; Michigan, 8,726,145; Pennsylvania, 6,561,722; Illinois, 5,789,249; Indiana, 5,029,023 ; Wisconsin, 4,090,670 ; Mis- souri, 8,649,390; Vermont, 3,102,137. The wool clip of Ohio in 1875 was 16,684,276 Ibs. ; number of sheep, 4,100,288. The total number of sheep in the United States in 1875 was about 34,000,000. The growth of this indus- try in recent years has been far greater west than east of the Mississippi river. For several years California has produced far more than any other state in the Union, the yield of 1875 exceeding 43,500,000 Ibs. The following statement, prepared by James Lynch of New York, a recognized authority, shows the esti- mated annual production of wool in the United States, in pounds, during the last decade : YEARS. Wub*d onibMp, Ubwulwd, udpoUid. Unmubtd. T-t.il. California, Ortgon, and N.Td. Tu. N*w M.rlco, Colorado, fuh, Ac. Sundry southern tteUt. 1868 120,000,000 140,000,000 150,000,000 185,000,000 180.000,000 110,000,000 120,000,000 125,000,000 120,000,000 125,000,000 0,000,000 11,000,000 16,000.000 17,250,000 28,000,000 25,000,000 24,000,000 82,700,000 88,500.000 45,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 4.000.000 8,500,000 8,500,000 4,000,000 187,000,000 160,000,000 177,000,000 1 (.-.'.'J.-X),000 168,000,000 146,000,000 160,000,000 174,700,000 178,000,000 198,000,000 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 8,000,000 4.500.000 8,000,000 7,000,000 1878 1874 1875 The quantity and value of wool imported into the United States, for a series of years ending June 30, have been as follows: YEARS. Pound.. Vila*. 1S69 .. 16.600.108 1S70 6,748,850 1871 66,058,028 9,780,448 1872 ISMB (in 27,488,284 1878 85,496,049 _ s &M 1874 42939541 - BOJ "'' 1875... 54,901,760 11.071,259 The chief countries from which the imports were received in 1875 were: South Africa, 6,286,849 Ibs. ; Argentine Republic, 8,999,693 ; Australia, 9,461,644; Brazil, 1,142,750; British possessions in North America, 8,018,547; Chili, 8,616,299; England, 11,882,207; France, 2,- 515,236; Mexico, 1,095,282; Russia, 3,814,- 950; Uruguay, 865,440. The quantity from Uruguay was 7,110,911 Ibs. in 1872, 6,110,871 Ibs. in 1873, and 4,094,275 Ibs. in 1874. The imports from Turkey were also much greater in the years prior to 1875, amounting in 1873 to 2,812,840 Ibs. WOOL, .Mannfartnrfs of. At the time of the Macedonian conquest the natives of India wove shawls of great beauty. The Greeks also learned many processes of woollen manufac- ture from the Egyptians ; and the Romans and also the people of Spain and Byzantium in turn obtained instruction from the Greeks. Wool- len garments were generally worn by the Ro- mans of both sexes at a very early period. A fraternity engaged in cloth manufacture ap- pears to have been formed in the 10th century in the Netherlands; the wool of the country was first used, and imports were afterward made, until this district furnished a considera- ble portion of the cloth demanded in Europe. But Spain already produced her own cloth, and in the 13th century the beauty of cloths made from her fine wools was celebrated. Early in the same century some friars of St. Michael established a woollen manufactory in Florence, and apparently employed processes superior to those previously in use ; and this city appears to have had at that time about 300 shops, pro- ducing annually about 100,000 pieces of cloth. Accounts 30 years later tell of 200 shops as