Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/735

 WOODRUFF whorl; the flowers, in terminal clusters, ar white, the tube with a four-parted limb ; calyx united with the ovary, which ripens into a small, globular, very hairy fruit. The flowers are fragrant, and the leaves, odorless when fresh, give off when wilted or dry the scent o: new-mown hay, which is retained by the driec herbage for several years; it belongs to the same class of odors as that of the sweet verna grass, melilot, Tonqua bean, and vanilla. The plant spreads by its underground stems, and forms dense mats or clumps, a habit of growth which makes it useful for edging to borders ; it likes the shade, and may be used to carpet the ground beneath shrubs. It is much es- teemed by the Germans, who call it Waldmeis- ter and use it to flavor wine ; their favorite Maiwein, or Maitrank, is made by infusing the leaves in Khine wine; the Germans in this country often use instead the sweet-scent- ted bedstraw (galium triflorum), a related plant of similar appearance, which gives off in dry- ing an odor much like that of woodruff. The plant is readily increased by division, or may be raised from seeds. WOODRUFF, a N. E. county of Arkansas, bounded W. by White river, and intersected by Cache, river and Bayou Deview ; area, about 575 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,891, of whom 2,686 were colored. The surface is level or slightly rolling, and the soil is fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 145,495' bushels of Indian corn, 18,780 Ibs. of butter, and 5,880 bales of cotton. There were 661 horses, 569 mules and asses, 4,173 cattle, 735 sheep, and 7,157 swine. Capital, Augusta. WOOD RUSH. See LUZULA. WOODS. I. Leonard, an American clergyman, born in Princeton, Mass., June 19, 1774, died in And over, Aug. 24, 1854. He graduated at Harvard college in 1796, and in 1798 was or- dained pastor of the church at Newbury. He was professor of theology in Andover theo- logical seminary from its foundation in 1807 till 1846, and took a prominent part in the establishment of the American tract society, the American education society, the temper- ance society, the American board of com- missioners for foreign missions (of the pru- dential committee of which he was a mem- ber for 25 years), &c. His works include "Letters to Unitarians" (1820); "Lectures on the Inspiration of the Scriptures" (1829); "Memoirs of American Missionaries" (1833) ; "Lectures on Church Government" (1843); and "Lectures on Swedenborgianism " (1846). He published a collective edition of his works in 5 vols. 8vo (Andover, 1849-'50; 4th ed., 1860). II. Leonard, son of the preceding, born in Newbury, Mass., Nov. 24, 1807. He grad- uated at Union college in 1827, was ordained in 1833, and was for some time editor of the " Literary and Theological Review " in New York. From 1839 to 1866 he was president of Bowdoin college, and in 1867 went to Eu- rope to obtain materials for the documentary WOODWAXEN 711 history of Maine, under the auspices of the state legislature. He has translated Knapp's "Lectures on Christian Theology" (2 vols 8vo, 1831-'3), and De Maine's "General Pri n : ciples of Political Constitutions." WOODSON, a S. E. county of Kansas, drained by branches of the Neosho and Verdigris riv- ?5i a /?^ 50 tu q - m - ; PP- in 1870 ' 8 ' 82 ? ; in 1876, 4,476. The surface is level or undulating and the soil fertile. The Missouri, Kansas and lexas railroad crosses the N. E. corner The chief productions in 1870 were 13312 bushels of wheat, 81,980 of Indian corn, 35,536 of oats, 9,173 of potatoes, 8,293 Ibs. of wool 45,199 of butter, and 4,382 tons of hay. There were 870 horses, 3,638 cattle, 2,214 sheep, and 889 swine. Capital, Defiance. WOOD SORREL. See OXALIS. WOODSTOCK, a town and the county seat of Windsor co., Vermont, on the Ottaquechee, an affluent of the Connecticut river, at the ter- minus of the Woodstock railroad, 45 m. S. of Montpelier; pop. in 1870, 2,910. It has manu- factories of scythes, axes, pickers, straw cut- ters, woollen goods, rakes, children's sleds and carts, &c., a national bank, a savings bank, a high school, three weekly newspapers, and six churches. The legislature met here in 1807. WOODSTOCK. I. A town, port of entry, and the capital of Oxford co., Ontario,' Canada, on the river Thames and the Great Western rail- way, 80 m. S. W. of Toronto; pop. in 1871, 3,982. Its fine scenery attracts many summer visitors. The trade is considerable, and there is good water power. The town contains a woollen factory, six furniture factories, several mills, two branch banks, several good educa- tional institutions, three weekly newspapers, and eight churches. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $114,290; of exports, $194,104. II. A town, port of entry, and the capital of Carleton co., New Brunswick, on the St. John river, and on the New Brunswick and Canada and the New Brunswick railways, 61 m. N. W. of Frederic- ton ; pop. in 1871, 3,963. In high stages of water steamers ply to Grand Falls, 65 m. above. Extensive deposits of iron ore are worked in the vicinity. The town contains manufactories of iron castings, mill machinery, agricultural implements, leather, furniture, &c., and several mills. There are a weekly news- paper, a monthly periodical, a grammar school, i convent, and churches of five denominations. The value of imports for the year ending June 30, 1874, was $53,844 ; of exports, $209,209. WOODWAXEN, or Woadwaien, the plant ge- nista tinctoria (Celtic gen, a bush), which is also called dyers' weed, green weed, and whin, ,he last nafne properly belonging to ulex ; it is a low shrub of the legitminosa or pulse family, 3ommon in Europe, and naturalized in some ot he eastern United States, especially in Massa- chusetts. The branches, 12 to 18 in. high from a decumbent base, are stiff and green and clothed with simple lanceolate leaves ; the yel-