Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/695

 WINNIPEG chants' bank, Ontario bank, Dominion land office, and Hudson Bay company's office, which with many warehouses are large and elegant structures of white brick manufactured in the neighborhood. Opposite, on the E. bank of the Ked river, is St. Boniface, the residence of the Roman Catholic archbishop, which has a fine stone cathedral. Winnipeg is the head- quarters of the Dominion bureaus relating to the Northwest territories, and in America of the Hudson Bay company. It has a healthful climate, the air being dry and bracing. The heat, though not oppressive, is sometimes great in summer, and the cold extreme in winter. The city communicates with the United States by steamboat or stage to Moorhead, Minn., on the Bed river, and thence by rail to Duluth or St. Paul. It is also reached from the province of Ontario by way of Fort William on Lake Superior, and thence by the " Dawson route," about 480 m., across the chain of portages. A line of railroad is in course of construction along the E. bank of the Red river to the junc- tion of the. Northern Pacific and St. Paul and Pacific railroads at Glyndon, Minn. This line is expected to be completed in 1876. The Canadian Pacific railroad, under construction E. from Winnipeg, is expected to reach Lake Superior in 1877. The trade of the city is im- portant, and consists chiefly in jobbing to the traders on the plains of the Saskatchewan, Bow, Mackenzie, and Peace rivers, and in furnishing supplies to government survey, exploration, and railroad construction parties, and to the new settlements and arriving immigrants. The ex- ports consist chiefly of furs. The imports from all sources for the year ending June 30, 1874, amounted to $2,662,442; the exports of furs in August, 1874, to $146,780. The assessed value of property in 1874 was $2,675,768, upon which the city charter allows a levy of only one per cent. There are good common schools, a young ladies' school, and four colleges (Epis- copal, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, and Wes- leyan). A daily and four weekly (one French) newspapers are published. There are Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, and two Wesleyan churches. The place was for- merly known as Fort Garry, taking its name from the Hudson Bay company's post estab- lished here more than half a century ago, and the post office name is still Fort Garry. It was the chief centre of the Indian and Hudson Bay company's trade. A new impulse was received with its occupation by troops in the autumn of 1870, after the suppression of Riel's rebellion (see MANITOBA), when its population was less than 300. It was incorporated as a city in No- vember, 1873, with about 2,500 inhabitants. WINNIPEG. I. A lake of British North America, between lat. 50 20' and 54 N., and Ion. 96 and 99 W. It is of irregular shape, being about 260 m. in length from N. N. W. to S. S. E., and from 6 to 60 m. wide ; area, about 8,500 sq. m. ; length of coast line, about 930 m. It is 628 ft. above the level of the sea, and does 839 VOL. xvi. 43 WINONA 671 not exceed 12 fathoms in depth. It contains many islands. Ice forms to a thickness fre- quently of 5 ft., and does not leave the upper part of the lake before the 10th of June. Through its tributaries it receives the drainage of an immense extent of territory, the area of its basin being estimated at 400,000 sq. m. Berens river enters on the east, the Winnipeg on the southeast, Red river on the south, Dau- phin river (which discharges the waters of Manitoba and Winnipegosis lakes) on the west, and the Saskatchewan on the northwest. It receives no affluents from the north, but at this point discharges its waters through Nelson river into Hudson bay. The name Winnipeg in Algonquin signifies "dirty water." II. A river, having its source in the lake of the Woods, on the border of Minnesota and British Amer- ica, and flowing N. W. into Lake Winnipeg. Its length is 165 m. It contains numerous rapids, having a total fall of 349 ft., and is only navigable by canoes and barges. At one point it is called White river from the continuous foaming of the rapids. It discharges the wa- ters of the chain of lakes along the interna- tional boundary, its remote sources being in the height of land separating the affluents of Lake Superior from those of Hudson bay. WINNIPEGOSIS, or Winnipgoos (Little Winni- peg), a lake of British North America, N. W. of Lake Manitoba, into which it discharges through Water Hen river. It is about 125 m. long from N. to S. and 25 m. in greatest breadth ; area, about 2,000 sq. m. It is 20 ft. above Lake Manitoba and 60 ft. above Lake Winnipeg, and is navigable by vessels drawing 10 ft. of water. On the southwest it receives the waters of Dauphin lake, and on the north- west Swan and Red Deer rivers. WINNIP1SEOGEE, Winnlpesofkee, or Wlnnlpesan- kee, a lake of New Hampshire, lying between Carroll and Belknap counties. Its extreme length is nearly 25 -m., its greatest breadth about 10 m., and its altitude above the sea 472 ft. Its form is very irregular, and it is stud- ded with islands. There are several bays. Its waters are very pure and of great depth. Its outlet is the rapid river of the same name, which unites with the Pemigewasset to form the Merrimack. It is abundantly stocked with fish. Steamers ply upon the lake in summer. WINONA, a S. E. county of Minnesota, bor- dering on the Mississippi river, which separates it from Wisconsin, and drained by Whitewater river and several smaller streams ; area, 638 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 22,319; in 1875, 27,385. It has a level surface, consisting mostly of rolling prairie diversified by woodlands. The soil is highly fertile. It is intersected by the Winona and St. Peter and the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 1,357,954 bushels of wheat, 273,477 of Indian corn, 598,871 of oats, 64,311 of bar- ley, 79,074 of potatoes, 478,425 Ibs. of butter, 10,615 of wool, and 16,944 tons of hay. There were 5,478 horses, 5,167 milch cows, 6,3&