Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/633

 WHITFIELD WHITFIELD, a N. W. county of Georgia, bor- dering on Tennessee and bounded E. by the Conasauga river ; area, 286 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,117, of whom 1,511 were colored. The county is mountainous, but contains fertile valleys. It is traversed by the Selma, Home, and Dalton, the Western and Atlantic, and the East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia rail- roads. The chief productions in 1870 were 48,860 bushels of wheat, 135,007 of Indian corn, 33,120 of oats, 3,851 of Irish and 10,563 of sweet potatoes, 7,211 Ibs. of wool, 97,510 of butter, and 763 tons of hay. There were 974 horses, 1,569 milch cows, 2,446 other cattle, 4,350 sheep, and 7,439 swine; 6 flour mills, 6 tanneries, 6 currying establishments, and 4 saw mills. Capital, Dalton. WHITFIELD, George. See WHITEFIELD. WHITGHT, John, an English prelate, born in Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, in 1530, died at Lambeth, Feb. 29, 1604. He was educated at Pembroke hall, Cambridge, under Eidley. Af- ter the accession of Elizabeth he entered into holy orders (1560), and was made chaplain to Cox, bishop of Ely; subsequently he became Lady Margaret's professor of divinity, and in 1567 master of Pembroke hall. Soon after the queen made him her chaplain and master of Trinity college, Cambridge, and the same year he also became regius professor of divinity. In 1571 he was vice chancellor of the univer- sity, and in 1572 prolocutor to the lower house of convocation. About this time, at the desire of Archbishop Parker, he wrote an answer to a work entitled "An Admonition to the Par- liament," which had bitterly assailed the es- tablished church. His reply was attacked by Cartvvright, and Whitgift rejoined in his "De- fence." He was now made dean of Lincoln, and in 1576 bishop of Worcester, and, having also received a civil commission as vice presi- dent of the marches of Wales, made constant use of both the temporal and spiritual powers to put down Roman Catholicism and Puritan- ism. In 1583 he became archbishop of Can- terbury. Making use of the court of high com- mission created under the act of supremacy passed at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, he removed from stations in the church all schis- matics or nonconformists. In 1585 the star chamber, of which he was a member, at his instigation passed ordinances for the regula- tion of the press, by which no one was allowed to print except in London, Oxford, and Cam- bridge ; and none but a few special printers were to be suffered to print anything whatso- ever until it should be perused and allowed by the archbishop of Canterbury and the bishop of London. In 1586 he was sworn of the privy council, and framed the statutes of cathedral churches ; and in 1595 he assisted in drawing up the celebrated Lambeth articles. His life was written by Strype and by Sir George Paule. See also Hook's "Lives of the Arch- bishops of Canterbury," vol. x. (London, 1875). WHITING. See HAKE. WHITLOW 609 WHITING, William, an American lawyer, born in Concord, Mass., March 3, 1818, died in Bos- ton Juno 29, 1873. He graduated at Har- vard college in 1833, and at the Cambridge law school in 1838, and practised in Boston trom 1863 to 1865 he was solicitor of the war department at Washington. He was elected to congress in 1872, but died before taking his seat. He published "The War Powers of the President and the Legislative Powers of Con- gress, in relation to Rebellion, Treason and Slavery" (Boston, 1862; 10th ed., with addi- tions, 1863). WHITLEY. I. A S. E. county of Kentucky, bordering on Tennessee, and intersected by the Cumberland river ; area, about 450 sq. m pop. in 1870, 8,278, of whom 138 were colored. The surface is hilly and broken. Iron ore and bituminous coal are abundant. The falls of the Cumberland river are in this county. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,913 bushels of wheat, 251,872 of Indian corn, 34,587 of oats, 20,544 of Irish and 10,348 of sweet pota- toes, 128,219 Ibs. of butter, 20,827 of wool, and 18,866 of tobacco. There were 1,804 horses, 2,802 milch cows, 5,100 other cattle, 10,507 sheep, and 15,816 swine. Capital, Whit- ley Court House. II. A N. E. county of In- diana, intersected by Eel river ; area, 324 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 14,399. The surface is un- dulating, but there are several prairies ; the soil is very fertile. The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 290,506 bushels of wheat, 192,813 of Indian corn, 88,595 of oats, 42,454 of potatoes, 257,517 Ibs. of butter, 63,266 of wool, and 12,199 tons of hay. There were 5,064 horses, 5,403 milch cows, 6,332 other cattle, 21,263 sheep, and 12,397 swine; 10 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 2 breweries, 1 woollen mill, and 32 saw mills. Capital, Columbia City. WHITLOW, or Felon (paronychid), an abscess occurring on the fingers, attended with great pain and inflammation, commencing in, if not confined to, the terminal joint. The cutaneous or superficial whitlow consists of an inflamma- tion of the skin of the last phalanx, with burn- ing pain and effusion of a serous or bloody fluid, raising the cuticle into a blister; when it is under the skin, and especially when about the nails, there is great pain and throbbing until the pus, which is almost sure to form, is let out, attended often with loss of the nails. In the tendinous form or thecal abscess, where the inflammation is within the sheaths of the tendons, the pain is much more severe, and the pus, from inability to escape through the fibrous tissues, burrows upward along the sheaths into the palm of the hand, and even to the forearm and arm, producing severe con- stitutional symptoms and irritative fever, some- times requiring amputation to save life. The ireatment consists in the continued application of poultices in the early stages of the affection, with opiates if necessary, and, above all, deep