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 WATERTOWN affording water power equivalent to nearly 84,000 horse power, much of which is utilized. The chief establishments are six flouring mills, producing 200,000 barrels annually; four paper mills, producing 3,600 tons of printing paper annually ; steam engine works, two f ounderies, sewing machine works, a spring wagon manu- factory, knitting machine works, a paper flour sack manufactory, a cotton mill, four tanne- ries, two carriage manufactories, two furni- ture factories, two breweries, a malt house, nine boot and shoe factories, seven cigar fac- tories, five planing mills, and five sash and door manufactories. There are four national banks, with an aggregate capital of $760,000 ; two state banks, capital $400,000 ; a savings bank, with $314,842 deposits in 1875; and four fire insurance companies. The city has an efficient police force and fire department, and is lighted with gas. Water is pumped from the river into two reservoirs with a com- bined capacity of 6,500,000 gallons, within one mile of the centre of the city, on the brow of a limestone ridge 180 ft. above the level of the public square. The assessed value of real es- tate in 1875 was $5,496,225 ; of personal prop- erty, $3,460,300. The public schools embrace a high school and inferior grades. There are nine school buildings ; children of school age in 1875, 3,031 ; number enrolled, 2,032 ; teach- ers, 44; school expenditures, $36,996 35, in- cluding $17,998 50 for teachers' wages; value of school property, $88,131 58. The public school library contains 2,728 volumes. Two daily and three weekly newspapers are pub- lished. There are nine churches, viz. : Bap- tist, Episcopal (2), Methodist (2), Presbyterian (2), Roman Catholic, and Universalist. Wa- tertown was settled in 1800, incorporated as a village in 1816, and as a city in 1869. WATERTOWJV, a city of Wisconsin, partly in Dodge and partly in Jefferson co., on both sides of Rock river, spanned here by six bridges, at the junction of the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul rail- roads, 43 m. W. by K of Milwaukee, and 35 m. E. by K of Madison; pop. in 1870, 7,550; in 1875, 9,524. It is divided into seven wards, of which five are in Jefferson co. and two in Dodge co. It is surrounded by one of the most pro- ductive districts in the state, and has an im- portant trade. The chief manufactories are six flouring mills, two breweries, a threshing machine factory, three brick manufactories, four saw mills, and two sash, door, and blind factories. There are two banks, four hotels, four union school buildings, five denomina- tional schools, three weekly newspapers (one German), and 16 churches. Watertown is the seat of the Northwestern university (Luther- an), chartered in 1864, which in 1875-'6 had 7 instructors, 32 collegiate and 171 prepara- tory students, and a library of 2,100 volumes. The college of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart (Roman Catholic) was chartered in 1872, and in 1875-'6 had 8 instructors and 25 collegiate WATER WORKS 509 and 75 preparatory students. Watertown was settled in 1836 ; it was incorporated as a vil- lage in 1849, and as a city in 1858. WATERVILLE, a town of Kennebec co., Maine, on the W. bank of the Kennebec river, at Ticonic falls, and on the Maine Central rail- road, 18 m. N. K E. of Augusta ; pop. in 1870, 4,852. It was divided in 1873, and in 1876 contained about 4,000 inhabitants. The falls afford a large water power, which is only par- tially used. The town contains the machine shops of the railroad company, a cotton fac- tory of 80,000 spindles, two saw mills, a tan- nery, a shovel-handle factory, a flour mill, a shirt factory, and one manufactory each of doors, sash, and blinds, of furniture, of machi- nery and castings, and of boot shanks. There are four national banks, one savings bank, a weekly newspaper, seven public schools, and six churches. Waterville is the seat of Colby university, under the control of the Baptists; it was established as a literary and theological institution in 1813, and incorporated as Water- ville college in 1821, and as Colby university in 1867. There are five fine college buildings. The regular course is similar to the ordinary four years' course of American colleges, but select courses may be pursued. The univer- sity library contains about 12,600 volumes, and the literary fraternity has a library of about 1,500. In 1875-'6 there were 8 professors and 91 students, of whom 8 were females. The Waterville classical institute is conducted as a preparatory department. WATER WHEEL. See WHEEL. WATER WORKS, constructions for the pur- pose of collecting, conveying, and distributing water. They may be designed for supplying cities, single buildings, or mills, or for drain- age or irrigation, and also for the purposes of navigation; and they were employed in the earliest times for all these purposes. (See AQUEDUCT.) In this article only those works will be considered by which cities are supplied with water. The construction of such works includes the consideration of the source of sup- ply, its conveyance into reservoirs, and its dis- tribution from these to the points of consump- tion. The supply is usually collected from springs or streams by means of dams which form reservoirs. The condition of the valley as to soil and its cultivation, and also that of the water respecting the amount of mineral and vegetable matter which it contains, should receive careful consideration. For the con- struction of the dam for collecting the water, see DAM. Such a reservoir formed in the stream is called a collecting reservoir, and usu- ally empties into a second through an aqueduct; and this, called a receiving or storage reservoir, may flow into a third or distributing reservoir, or the receiving may also be a distributing res- ervoir. A succession of reservpirs generally aids in the purification of the water by facilita- ting deposition of sediment, or by filtration. There are three principal systems of supplying