Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/496

 476 WASHINGTON (COUNTIES) WASHINGTON (CITY) western and the- Sioux City and Pacific rail- roads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 164,611 bushels of wheat, 203,695 of Indian corn, 108,971 of oats, 40,617 of po- tatoes, 4,758 Ibs. of wool, 97,032 of butter, and 8,078 tons of hay. There were 1,431 horses, 1,289 milch cows, 2,107 other cattle, 1,478 sheep, and 2,508 swine; 3 flour mills, and 3 saw mills. Capital, Blair. XXV. A S. E. county of Missouri, bounded N. E. partly by Big river and N. W. partly by the Maramec; area, 870 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,719, of whom 971 were colored. The surface is generally very hilly, and the soil moderately fertile. The county is celebrated for its mineral wealth. Iron mountain near the S. E. border is a huge mass of magnetic iron ore, and lead mines are very numerous near the county seat. Silver, copper, plumbago, copperas, chalk, and lime- stone are also found in considerable quantities. The county is intersected by the St. Louis and Iron Mountain railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 38,627 bushels of wheat, 261,633 of Indian corn, 86,809 of oats, 20,398 of po- tatoes, 69,709 Ibs. of butter, 14,684 of wool, and 2,378 tons of hay. There were 2,573 horses, 2,626 milch cows, 4,447 other cattle, 7.830 sheep, and 16,036 swine; 7 flour mills, 13 saw mills, 1 blast furnace, and 15 lead fur- naces. Capital, Potosi. VI. A N. E. county of Kansas, bordering on Nebraska, and watered by the Little Blue river and other streams; area, 900 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 4,081 ; in 1875, 8,622. The surface is rolling, and consists of prairies, with well timbered river bottoms; the soil is moderately fertile. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 51,176 bushels of wheat, 123,124 of Indian corn, 18,484 of oats, 16,109 of potatoes, 53,182 Ibs. of butter, and 5,284 tons of hay. There were 735 horses, 837 milch cows, 1,562 other cattle, 452 sheep, and 761 swine. Capital, Washington. XXVII. A N. W. county of Oregon, bounded E. by the Willa- mette river, bordering W. on the Coast moun- tains, and watered by Tualatin river, which is navigable for some distance, and other streams; area, 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,261 ; in 1875, 4,963. The surface is diversified with prai- ries and groves of timber, and the soil is fer- tile. Iron ore is abundant. It is traversed by the Oregon Central railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 157,187 bushels of wheat, 183,151 of oats, 4,724 of barley, 28,- 915 of potatoes, 29,920 Ibs. of wool, 72,118 of butter, and 5,409 tons of hay. There were 1,718 horses, 1,503 milch cows, 1,880 other cattle, 6,135 sheep, and 6,177 swine. Capital, Hillsborough. XXVIII. The S. W. county of Utah, bordering on Arizona and Nevada, and watered by the Rio Virgin and Santa Clara rivers; area, 1,890 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 3,064. The Wahsatch mountains are on the north. There is considerable produc- tive soil in the valleys of the streams. Cot- ton has been produced. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 4,842 bushels of wheat, 5,769 of Indian corn, 10,209 of potatoes, and 5,345 Ibs. of wool. There were 739 horses, 1,193 milch cows, 2,007 other cattle, 3,170 sheep, and 152 swine; 4 saw mills, and 1 quartz mill. Capital, St. George. WASHINGTON, the capital of the United States of America, in the District of Columbia, on the left or N. E. bank of the Potomac river, 116J m. above its mouth at Smith's point, and 184} m. from the Atlantic at the mouth of Chesa- peake bay, between the Anacostia or Eastern branch and Rock creek (which separates it from Georgetown on the west), 35 m. (direct) S. W. of Baltimore, and 205 m. S. W. of New York ; lat. (capitol) 38 53' 20-1" N., Ion. 77 0' 27-9" W. of Greenwich; pop. in 1800, 3,210; 1810,8,208; 1820,13,247; 1830,18,826; 1840, 23,364; 1850, 40,001 ; 1860, 61,122; 1870, 109,- 199, of whom 35,455 were colored and 13,757 foreigners, including 6,948 Irish, 4,133 Ger- mans, and 1,235 English; in 1875, estimated at 133,000. The number of families in 1870 was 21, 343; of dwellings, 19,545. The number of houses in 1875 was 23,121 (10,944 brick and 12,177 frame). It was incorporated as a city by an act of congress of May 8, 1802. By an act of Feb. 21, 1871, to take effect on June 1 of that year, the charter was repealed, but the territory formerly within the corporate limits continues to be known as the city of Washing- ton. It is 14 m. in circuit, and covers a little more than 9 sq. m. The greatest length, from Rock creek to the Eastern branch (W. N. W. to E. S. E.), is 4k m. ; greatest breadth, 3J m. ; average dimensions, about 4 by 2i m. The Potomac front measures 4 m., and that on the Eastern branch 8} m. The site covers an un- dulating tract having a mean altitude of about 40 ft. above the river. The elevation of the base of the capitol is 89} ft. ; of the highest point in the city, 103'7 ft. Beyond the limits is a circling range of wooded hills. The Tiber, a small stream emptying into the Potomac, runs through the city, but it is entirely built over, and forms part of the sewerage system. The streets, with the exception of those designated as avenues, are laid out at right angles, run- ning due N. and S., and E. and W. The initial streets are North Capitol, South Capitol, and East Capitol with its prolongation W., which extend directly from the capitol in the directions indicated by their names. The streets running N. and S. are numbered from North and South Capitol streets, being known as 1st street E., 1st street W., and so on, as they are E. or W. of the capitol. The streets running E. and W. are lettered from East Capitol street and its prolongation, being known as A street N., A street S., and so on. East Capitol street is 160 ft. wide, and North and South Capitol streets are each 130 ft. ; the width of the other streets varies from 70 to 160 ft. There are 21 avenues, named after states of the Union, crossing the streets diagonally, the principal of which radi- ate from the capitol, white house, or Lincoln square E. of the capitol. Of these 19 are from