Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/493

 WASHINGTON (COUNTIES) 473 cattle, 26,169 sheep, and 3,428 swine ; 3 manu- facturies of agricultural implements, 3 of boots and shoes, 14 of carriages and wagons, 3 of iron castings, 6 of machinery, 12 of saddlery and harness, 2 of washing machines, &c., 5 of woollens, 29 saw mills, 6 tanneries, 3 curry- ing establishments, and 2 flour mills. Capi- tal, Montpelier, which is also the capital of the state. III. A S. county of Rhode Island, border- ing on Connecticut, bounded E. by Narragansett bay and S. by the Atlantic ocean, and drained by Charles river and its tributaries ; area, 867 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 20,097; in 1875, 20,061. The surface is uneven and the soil fertile and well adapted to pasturage. It is intersected by the Stonington and Providence railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,087 bushels of wheat, 88,640 of Indian corn, 53,755 of oats, 118,017 of potatoes, 248,354 Ibs. of butter, 21,242 of cheese, 29,183 of wool, and 20,425 tons of hay. There were 1,541 horses, 4,047 milch cows, 4,465 other cattle, 9,859 sheep, and 2,731 swine. There were 121 manu- facturing establishments ; capital invested, $3,- 120,580 ; value of products, $6,083,320. The principal establishments were 7 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of iron castings, 3 of marble and stone work, 1 of drugs and chemicals, 1 of engines and boilers, 26 of cot- ton goods, 33 of woollen goods, and 5 saw mills. Capital, Kingston. IV. An E. county of New York, bordering on Vermont, from which it is in part separated by Lake Champlain," and bounded W. partly by the Hudson river and Lake George ; area, 850 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 49,568 ; in 1875, 48,167. The surface is mountainous in the north and moderately hilly in the south, and the soil in some parts is fer- tile. Iron ore, slate, marble, water limestone, marl, lead, and copper are found. It is trav- ersed by the Champlain canal and the Rens- selaer and Saratoga railroad. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 24,091 bushels of wheat, 105,932 of rye, 384,702 of Indian corn, 761,489 of oats, 58,479 of buckwheat, 2,141,464 of po- tatoes, 1,606,457 Ibs. of butter, 225,002 of cheese, 507,183 of wool, 1,285,033 of flax, and 118,257 tons of hay.. There were 10,222 horses, 18,352 milch cows, 14,144 other cattle, 102,045 sheep, and 9,301 swine. There were 427 manu- factories ; capital invested, $3,561,980; value of products, $5,028,391. The chief establish- ments were 4 manufactories of agricultural im- plements, 35 of carriages and wagons, 6 of cheese, 7 of dressed flax, 1 of gunpowder, 1 of hosiery, 1 of pig iron, 6 of iron castings, 6 of lime, 7 of machinery, 5 of marble and stone work, 8 of paper, 2 of stone and earthen ware, 8 of woollen goods, 6 planing mills, 22 saw mills, 11 tanneries, 9 currying establishments, and 11 flour mills. Capitals, Salem and Sandy Hill. V. A S. "W. county of Pennsylvania, bounded "W. by West Virginia and E. by the Monongahela river, and traversed by several railroads ; area, 888 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 48,- 483. It has a hilly surface, and a rich lime- stone soil in the hilly portions, and a deep black loam in the bottoms. Great attention has been paid to wool growing, and the sheep of this county are of the best quality. Bituminous coal and limestone are very abundant, and iron ore is found. The chief productions in 1870 were 451,828 bushels of wheat, 27,243 of rye, 1,467,904 of Indian corn, 1,062,408 of oats, 128,367 of barley, 187,516 of potatoes, 1,178,- 306 Ibs. of butter, 1,862,752 of wool, and 67,595 tons of hay. There were 12,421 horses, 12,280 milch cows, 16,604 other cattle, 482,708 sheep, and 26,274 swine ; 26 manufactories of car- riages and wagons, 11 of furniture, 1 of print- ing paper, 6 of boats, 18 of saddlery and har- nesses, 6 of woollens, 6 planing mills, 12 saw mills, 10 distilleries, 8 tanneries, and 11 flour mills. Capital, Washington. VI. A N. W. county of Maryland, bordering on Pennsylva- nia, separated from Virginia by the Potomac, and intersected by Antietam, Conecocheague, and Licking creeks; area, 818 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 34,712, of whom 2,838 were colored. The surface is very hilly, and the South moun- tain, a continuation of the Blue Ridge, ex- tends along the E. border. Iron ore, bitu- minous coal, and limestone are found. It is traversed by the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and by the Cumberland Valley and Western Maryland railroads and the Washington Coun- ty division of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 930,246 bushels of wheat, 28,394 of rye, 737,989 of In- dian corn, 142,886 of oats, 90,885 of potatoes, 393,070 Ibs. of butter, 48,284 of wool, and 29,- 281 tons of hay. There were 8,423 horses, 6,310 milch cows, 10,023 other cattle, 9,268 sheep, and 20,212 swine; 5 manufactories of agricul- tural implements, 11 of carriages and wagons, 1 of cement, 15 of furniture, 2 of pig iron, 4 of iron castings, 1 of printing paper, 16 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 6 saw mills, 3 dis- tilleries, 10 tanneries, 8 currying establishments, and 41 flour mills. Capital, Hagerstown. VII. A S. W. county of Virginia, bordering on Ten- nessee, and intersected by the North and South forks of Holston river ; area, 520 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 16,816, of whom 2,653 were colored. It is traversed by the Iron mountain in the S. E., and Clinch mountain forms the N. W. boundary. The surface is m ountainous or hilly, and the soil generally fertile. Iron, bitumi- nous coal, gypsum, and limestone are abun- dant, and there are valuable salt wells, yielding large quantities for exportation. The Atlan- tic, Mississippi, and Ohio railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 106,521 bushels of wheat, 10,863 of rye, 351,732 of In- dian corn, 183,147 of oats, 11,883 of potatoes, 187,010 Ibs. of butter, 28,936 of wool, 27,864 of tobacco, and 5,008 tons of hay. There were 4,292 horses, 4,404 milch cows, 6,012 other cattle, 13,308 sheep, and 14,733 swine; 13 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 13 of furniture, 2 of ground plaster, 7 wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishments, 2 pork-pack-