Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/488

 468 WARWICK WASECA erty, but Edward of York effected a junction with Warwick's forces and compelled the roy- al army to retire to the north. Warwick and Edward entered London iff triumph, and the young duke was proclaimed king, March 4, un- der the title of Edward IV. ; and on the 29th Warwick defeated Henry at Towton. In 1462 Warwick recaptured several fortresses from Queen Margaret ; and his brother Lord Monta- cute finally defeated the Lancastrians at Hex- ham, May 15, 1464. In June, 1465, Henry was betrayed, and Warwick conducted him to the tower. The Neville family meanwhile had governed the new king and the kingdom, Warwick being made chief minister and gen- eral, warden of the west marches, and cham- berlain, his brother George archbishop of York and lord high chancellor, and Lord Montacute warden of the east marches of Scotland and earl of Northumberland. But the royal favors now began to flow in another channel. Ed- ward had married in 1464 Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of Sir John Grey, and the Wood- villes soon supplanted the Nevilles in the con- fidence of the king. The royal marriage had given Warwick great offence ; the marriage of Margaret, the king's sister, to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, gave still more; and Ed- ward was equally displeased by the secret mar- riage in 1469 of his brother Clarence to War- wick's daughter Isabella. Just at this time an insurrection broke out in Yorkshire, ostensibly to resist an obnoxious tax. The Nevilles seized the opportunity to overthrow their rivals. The tax was soon forgotten, and the insurgents rallied under Warwick and Clarence, who de- feated part of the royal forces at the battle of Edgecote, July 26, 1469, captured and beheaded the father and brother of the queen, and led Edward prisoner to Middleham. The Lancas- trians raised the standard of the red rose in Scotland, but Warwick defeated them. Soon afterward Edward, released from prison, re- appeared in London, pardoned Warwick and Clarence, and restored them to his confidence. Another quarrel and another reconciliation followed ; and when an insurrection broke out in Lincolnshire in 1470, Warwick and Clarence, though they accepted the king's com- mission to subdue it, were secretly the in- stigators of the movement, designing to place the crown on Clarence's head. They soon threw off disguise, and, when hard pressed by the royal forces, escaped from Dartmouth on shipboard with many followers, and landed at Harfleur. In France Warwick met Queen Margaret, with whom, by the influence of Louis XL, ho was reconciled, and arranged a plan for restoring Henry VI. to his throne, Clarence being guaranteed the next succession, in de- fault of male issue to Henry. Louis furnished the means for the expedition, and Edward having been decoyed into the north by a pre- tended insurrection, the exiles landed at Ply- mouth and Dartmouth, Spt. 13, 1470, pro- claimed Henry king, and marched upon the capital. Edward fled to Holland ; Henry was taken from the tower, and the Nevilles were reinstated in their offices and honors, Warwick receiving in addition the post of lord high admiral. In the mean time Edward had re- ceived secret aid from the duke of Burgundy, and landed on the English coast with 2,000 well armed Englishmen, March 14, 1471. Clar- ence, with whom he had long had a secret un- derstanding, came over to his side ; he entered London without resistance, and the jarchbishop delivered to him the imbecile Henry, whom ho again sent to the tower, where he died in May. Two days afterward he left the city, and at- tacked Warwick at Barnet, April 14. Envel- oped in a thick mist, the two armies fought at random for three hours, Edward being suc- cessful on the right, and Warwick on the left. The field soon became a scene of hopeless con- fusion, the Lancastrians falling upon their own men as they returned from pursuing the ene- my. Edward was victorious after 7,000 of his adversaries had lost their lives. Warwick and his brother Montacute were among the slain, and their bodies were exposed naked for three days on the pavement of St. Paul's, and then buried in the ancestral tomb in Bisham abbey, Berkshire. WARWICKSHIRE, a midland county of Eng- land, bordering on the counties of Leicester, Northampton, Oxford, Gloucester, Worcester, and Stafford; area, 881 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 633,902. With the exception of two ridges of low hills which skirt the S. border of the coun- ty, and among which is Edgehill, famous for the first battle in the civil war of Charles I., the surface consists chiefly of a succession of gentle eminences. The soil is of very various Elities, but generally good. Timber is abun- t, especially in the centre of the county, which was once occupied by the forest of Arden ; and there is a large coal field. Tho only navigable river is the Avon, but ample intercommunication is afforded by canals and railways. Warwickshire includes the great manufacturing towns of Birmingham and Cov- entry, Warwick, the county town, Stratford- upon-Avon, Kenilworth, Leamington Priors, and Rugby. WASCO, a X. central county of Oregon, bound- ed N. by Washington territory, from which it is separated by the Columbia river, bordering W. on the Cascade mountains, and watered by Des Chutes and John Day's rivers ; area, about 12,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,509, of whom 27 were Chinese; in 1875, 3,853. It is best adapted to grazing, but the river valleys have a productive soil. The chief productions in 1870 were 10,599 bushels of wheat, 9,045 of Indian corn, 26,593 of oats, 7,203 of barley, 12,962 of potatoes, 38,106 Ibs. of wool, 43,901 of butter, and 2,330 tons of hay. There were 2,432 horses, 8,778 cattle, 6,859 sheep, and 1,069 swine. Capital, The Dalles. WASECA, a S. county of Minnesota, inter- sected by Le Sueur river, an affluent of the