Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/455

 WALLA WALLA 94,528 of oats, 17,459 of barley, 31,184 of pota- toes, 31,440 Ibs. of wool, 75,634 of butter, and 5,123 tons of hay. There were 5,741 horses, 651 mules and asses, 4,742 milch cows, 8,211 other cattle, 6,649 sheep, and 4,729 swine; 1 manufactory of bagging, 5 of saddlery and har- ness, 2 of sash, doors, and blinds, 4 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 6 flour mills, 1 distillery, 2 breweries, and 2 saw mills. Capi- tal, Walla Walla. Toward the close of 1875 Columbia co. was formed from the E. portion of Walla Walla co. as aboTe described. WALLA WALLA, a city and the county seat of Walla Walla co., Washington territory, in the valley of Walla Walla river, 32 m. E. of Colum- bia river, 220 m. E. S. E. of Olympia, and 610 m. N. N. E. of San Francisco ; lat. 46 5' N., Ion. 118 22' W.; pop. in 1870, 1,394; in 1875, locally estimated at 4,500. It is regularly laid out, and has wide streets. The surrounding country is fertile, and the climate is mild. The Walla Walla and Columbia railroad con- nects with the Oregon steam navigation com- pany's boats on the Columbia river for Port- land, to which point considerable shipments of grain, fruit, cattle, and hides are made. A line of mail stages connects with the Central Pacific railroad at Kelton, Utah, 385 m. S. E. The city contains three door and sash and pla- ning mills, a bag factory, a foundery, and four flour mills. There are two private banks, two public schools, a library, a semi-weekly and two weekly newspapers, and six churches (Congre- gational, Cumberland Presbyterian, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day Adventist, and United Brethren). Walla Walla was laid out in 1857, and incorporated in 1862. WALLENSTEDf (properly WALDSTEIN), Albreeht Wenzel Ensebins von, count, and duke of Fried- land, Mecklenburg, and Sagan, an Austrian general, born at the family estate of Hermanitz (according to some, in Prague), Bohemia, Sept. 14, 1583, assassinated at Eger, Feb. 25, 1634. He was brought up as a Protestant, and sent to the school in Goldberg, Silesia. At his fa- ther's death he was taken into the family of his uncle Albreeht von Slavata. He afterward studied at the Protestant university of Altdorf and at the Jesuit academy of Olmiltz, and law and astrology at Padua. It is not known pre- cisely when and how he was converted to Ca- tholicism. In 1606 he served with distinction under Basta against the Turks in Hungary. About 1607 he married a wealthy Moravian widow, much older than himself; and by her death in 1614 he became a prominent land- owner. In 1617 he levied a troop of cavalry at his own expense, and relieved the town of Gradisca, then hard pressed by the Venetians. He affiliated with the clique that was striving to undermine Cardinal Klesel's power at Vi- enna and raise Ferdinand of Styria to the throne. He married a daughter of Count Har- rach, and was made count and chamberlain. Klesel was removed from the privy council, and in 1619, on the death of Matthias, Ferdi- WALLENSTEIN 435 nand became emperor. Wallenstein had been appointed general of the forces in Moravia. Refusing to join the Bohemian insurrection, which opened the thirty years' war, his troops deserted him ; but he carried off the military chest of 90,000 thalers, and with part of the money equipped a fresh regiment of cuiras- siers. His regiment took part in the battle of the White mountain, near Prague, in 1620, but he himself was not present. This battle crushed the hopes of the Bohemian insur- gents, and Ferdinand ordered a sweeping con- fiscation of their estates and a sale by auc- tion. Wallenstein, who had carefully hus- banded his means, became purchaser to an al- most incredible extent. The nominal value of the estates he bought was 7,000,000 florins, but the real value was not less than 20,000,000. In 1623 he received the title of prince of Fried- land; his possessions comprised nine towns and 57 villages and manors in Bohemia, toward the Silesian frontier. In 1627 he was made hereditary duke of Friedland, with almost sov- ereign rights; he also acquired Sagan in Si- lesia. In 1625 the force of the Catholic reac- tion was spent. The Protestant princes of North Germany had formed a powerful coa- lition with Denmark, and the Turks and Tran- sylvanians under Bethlen Gabor threatened to overrun Austria from the east. The imperial treasury was empty, and the army disorganized. Wallenstein offered to raise and equip an army of 20,000 men, and lead them whithersoever the emperor might direct. The offer was ac- cepted, and he was appointed generalissimo. On April 15 (O. S.), 1626, he drove back the re- nowned Mansfeld at Dessau with heavy loss, and closely pursued him through Silesia into Hungary. Mansfeld died on his way to Venice to obtain subsidies, and the aggressions of Beth- len Gabor were checked by difficulties with his Turkish allies. By a series of manoeuvres Wallenstein dispersed the remnant of Mans- feld's troops in Silesia and defeated the Danish troops in Holstein and Schleswig at Ileiligen- hafen, Pinneberg, Breitenburg, and Wensyssel. The Danish army was completely scattered or captured and the North German coalition broken up. Tilly, the leader of the Catholic league formed by Maximilian of Bavaria, hav- ing been disabled by a wound, Wallenstein had the sole direction of affairs. His troops over- ran lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, and Jutland, and besieged Stralsund ; but he was compelled to raise the siege on Aug. 3, 1628. His army, numbering over 100,000 disciplined troops, was quartered over North Germany. The dukes of Mecklenburg, who had been allies of Chris- tian IV. of Denmark, were dispossessed, and their lands pronounced forfeited. Wallenstein was invested with the title and dignity of duke of Mecklenburg, at first provisionally, then definitively (1629), with full powers. But his very success led to his temporary down- fall. The emperor Ferdinand II., desirous of having his son declared king of the Romans