Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/448

 428 WALES (LANGUAGE, &o.) WALKER unless she was released and hostages for his own safety were given. War immediately commenced, and Llewellyn was compelled to conclude a peace on humiliating terms, though Eleanor was released and married to him. In the spring of 1282 Llewellyn again rebelled, but in December was defeated and slain. His brother David, who succeeded him, was cap- tured and executed as a traitor at Shrewsbury the next year ; and by the statute of Rhuddlen (12 Edward I., c. 5) Wales was united to Eng- land. The title prince of Wales was given by Edward to his son, the future Edward II., who was born in Carnarvon castle, April 25, 1284, and has ever since been borne by the eldest son of the English sovereign. Rebellions against the English rule broke out in 1287, 1294, and 1315, but they were suppressed and their lead- ers executed. In 1400 the Welsh, led by Owen Glendower, made their last attempt to recov- er their independence. They maintained the struggle until his death in 1415. (See GLEN- DOWER.) The laws of Wales were now grad- ually assimilated to those of England, until in 1536, by the statute 27 Henry VIII., c. 2(5, the complete identity of the two countries in nil essential points was established ; and in the reigns of George IV. and William IV. the last traces of political distinction were abolished. WALES, Language and Literature of. See CELTS, LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE OF THE. WALEWSKI, Alexandra Florian Joseph Colonna, count and duke, a French statesman, born in the chateau of Walewice, Poland, May 4, 1810, died in Strasburg, Oct. 27, 1868. He was re- puted an illegitimate son of Napoleon I. and tho countess Walewska, after whose death he was sent to school at Geneva. In 1830 he went to Warsaw and fought with the patriots at the battle of Groch6w, and was sent to London to solicit English intervention. After the fall of Warsaw he entered the French army as cap- tain, and at the close of 1833 was naturalized in France. Subsequently ho was employed on a confidential mission to Abd-el-Kader, and held an office at Oran. In 1838 he established in Paris the Messager newspaper, which in 1840 be sold to Thiers, who appointed him on a mis- sion to Mehcmet Ali. He continued in the dip- lomatic service under Guizot, being employed on various missions, and was attach^ at Buenos Ayres at the outbreak of the revolution of Feb. 24, 1848. He then joined his intimate friend Louis Napoleon, who gave him in 1849 the mission to Florence, and subsequently sent him to Naples and England. In 1855 he entered the senate, succeeded Drouyn de Lhuys in the foreign office, and was one of the signers of the treaty of Paris of March 30, 1856. In January, 1860, he was succeeded by Thou- venel, but was made a member of the privy council, and on Nov. 24 minister of state. In January, 1862, he was chairman of the impor- tant committee relating to the copyright of authors and artists. After De Morny's death in 1865, having resigned his place in the sen- ate, he succeeded him in the legislative body as member for the department of Landes, where he owned large property, and was its president till September, 1866. He also retired from the ministry and received the title of duke. In 1867 he was reinstated in the senate. In 1869 the emperor purchased Walewski's estates in Landes, and granted a pension of 20,000 francs to his widow. His son by the actress Rachel bears his name. WALHALLA, or Valhalla. See MYTHOLOGY, vol. xii., p. 120, and RATISBON. WALKER. L A N. W. county of Georgia, drained by the Chattooga and Chickamauga rivers ; area, 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1 870, 9,925, of whom 1,529 were colored. It is traversed by Taylor's ridge, and contains Pigeon, White Oak, and Lookout mountains. The soil along the streams is very rich. Bituminous coal, marble, limestone, gypsum, and lead abound, and there are several fine mineral springs. Crawfish spring, 12 m. N. of the capital, affords water sufficient to float a steamboat within a short distance from the cavern from which it issues. The chief productions in 1870 were 107,901 bushels of wheat, 226,194 of Indian corn, 28,547 of oats, 4,903 of Irish and 18,022 of sweet potatoes, 71,837 Ibs. of butter, 13,319 of wool, and 3,268 of tobacco. There were 1,608 horses, 1,933 milch cows, 2,949 other cattle, 5,673 sheep, and 12,413 swine. Capital, Lafayette. II. A N. W. county of Alabama, drained by Mulberry river and Lost creek, af- fluents of the Black Warrior, and by the Sipsy and Blackwater rivers ; area, 828 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,543, of whom 808 were colored. The surface is hilly and the soil in the valleys very fertile. Bituminous coal is found, and there is an abundance of choice timber. The chief productions in 1870 were 9,606 bushels of wheat, 158,810 of rye, 33,553 of sweet po- tatoes, 36,652 Ibs. of butter, 8,242 of wool, and 1,213 of tobacco. There were 962 horses, 2,107 milch cows, 4,073 other cattle, 3,361 sheep, and 1,795 swine. Capital, Jasper. III. An E. county of Texas, bounded N. E. by Trinity river; area, 854 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,776, of whom 5,823 were colored. The sur- face is level, and the soil a rich alluvium. It is intersected by tho Houston and Great North- ern railroad. Tho chief productions in 1870 were 186,401 bushels of Indian corn, 35,586 of sweet potatoes, 38,226 Ibs. of butter, and 5,524 bales of cotton. There were 1,680 horses, 2,904 milch cows, 9,606 other cattle, 2,551 sheep, and 8,126 swine ; 3 saw mills, 1 cotton mill, and 1 woollen mill. Capital, Huntsville. WALKER, Amasa, an American political econ- omist, born in Woodstock, Conn., May 4, 1799, died at North Brook-field, Mass., Oct. 29, 1875. He was a merchant in Boston from 1825 to 1840, and was prominent as an abolitionist. In 1843 and 1849 he went to Europe as a dele- gate to the international peace conventions. In 1848 he was a representative in the legisla- ture, in 1849 a state senator, in 1851-'2 secre-