Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/254

 234 UTAH known, but in the valleys of the Uintah and some other tributaries of the Colorado there is considerable irrigable land. The principal agricultural productions are wheat, oats, bar- ley, potatoes, and other root crops. The nights are generally too cool for Indian corn, except in Salt Lake valley and the valley of the Rio Virgin. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, and grapes grow well. Large quantities of fruits, vegetables, and berries are dried or canned for shipment to "Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, and Nevada. Cotton, figs, pomegranates, and other tropical fruits are grown in the Rio Vir- gin valley. The crops have frequently suf- fered from the devastations of locusts ("grass- hoppers"). Utah presents fewer obstacles to grazing than to agriculture, large tracts im- practicable to the farmer being well suited to the stock raiser. The buffalo and sand grass, and the wild sage when touched by frost, fur- nish nutritious food for cattle. Cache valley is one of the finest grazing districts, and in the valley of Green river there is an extensive re- gion possessing superior advantages for sheep raising. The herdsmen drive their stock high up on the mountain slopes in summer, reserv- ing the valleys for winter. Numerous herds are pastured on the mountain ranges E. of the Wahsatch in summer, and on the approach of winter are driven across that range into Salt Lake valley, where little shelter or prepared food is required. According to the census of 1870, the number of acres of land in farms was 148,361, of which 118,755 were improved; number of farms, 4,908, of which 803 contained less than 10 acres each, 1,660 from 10 to 20, 2,019 from 20 to 50, 816 from 50 to 100, 107 from 100 to 500, and 3 more than 500 ; cash value of farms, $2,297,922 ; of farming imple- ments and machinery, $291,390 ; wages paid during the year, including value of board, $133,- 695 ; estimated value of all farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock, $1,973,142; value of orchard produce, $43,938; of produce of market gardens, $8,700 ; of forest products, $800; of home manufactures, $56,- 891 ; of animals slaughtered or sold for slaugh- ter, $172,382; of all live stock, $2,149,814. The productions were 543,487 bushels of spring wheat, 14,986 of winter wheat, 1,312 of rye, 95,557 of Indian corn, 65,650 of oats, 49,117 of barley, 178 of buckwheat, 9,291 of peas and beans, 323,645 of Irish potatoes, 163 of sweet potatoes, 5 of grass seed, 22 bales of cotton, 109,018 Ibs. of wool, 310,335 of butter, 69,603 of cheese, 322 of hops, 10 of flax, 13 of wax, 575 of honey, 3,131 gallons of wine, 67,446 of sorghum molasses, and 27,305 tons of hay. The live stock on farms consisted of 11,068 horses, 2,879 mules and asses, 17,563 milch cows, 8,479 working oxen, 18,138 other cattle, 59,672 sheep, and 3,150 swine; besides which there were 3,213 horses and 151,754 cattle not on farms. The number of manufacturing establishments was 533, having 21 steam engines of 331 horse power, and 192 water wheels of 2,169 horse power; number of hands employed, 1,534; amount of capital invested, $1,891,898; wages paid during the year, $395,365 ; value of ma- terials used, $1,238,252 ; annual value of prod- ucts, $2,343,019. The principal establishments were 74 flouring and grist mills, value of prod- ucts $782,846; 95 saw mills, $661,431; and 6 woollen factories, $133,620. The number of acres of land under cultivation in 1875 was reported at 347,750 ; bushels of wheat raised, 2,775,000; barley, 397,500; oats, 589,000 ; In- dian corn, 300,000 ; potatoes, 1,807,000 ; tons of hay, 175,000; pounds of wool, 1,000,000; value of all agricultural products, $8,236,022 ; of manufactures, $2,803,985, nearly half flour. The value of imports into the territory, chiefly merchandise and manufactured articles, was $9,150,851 ; of exports therefrom, mineral and agricultural products, $6,435,858. Utah com- municates on the one hand with California and on the other with the east by the Central and Union Pacific railroads, which meet at Ogden in the north. From this point the Utah Cen- tral railroad extends to Salt Lake City, whence the Utah Southern runs S. to York and the Utah Western W. to Lake Point. The Utah Northern railroad extends from Ogden to Franklin, Idaho ; the American Fork railroad, from American Fork on the Utah Southern E. to Deer Creek; the Bingham Canon railroad, from Sandy on the Utah Southern to Bingham Cafion ; the Wahsatch and Jordan Valley rail- road, from Sandy to Fairfie,ld ; and the Sum- mit County railroad, from Echo on the Union Pacific to Coalville. The following table gives the mileage of railroad in the territory in 1876 : Mile. In operation. American Fork I '-inirlrim Caflon Central and Union Pacific. . Summit Cpunty Utah Centra). Utah Northern Utah Southern Utah Western Wahsatch and Jordan Valley. Total. 16 20 226 8 87 80 79 25 10 500 There afe two national banks, with a joint capital of $300,000. The chief executive offi- cers are a governor and secretary, appointed by the president with the consent of the senate for four years, and an auditor, treasurer, and superintendent of common schools, elected by the territorial legislature for two years. The legislature consists of a council of 13 and a house of representatives of 26 members, elect- ed by the people by districts for two years, and has biennial sessions. The judicial pow- er is vested in a supremo court, consisting of a chief justice and two associates; a district court in each of the three districts into which the territory is divided, held by a justice of the supreme court; and a probate court in each organized county. The justices of the