Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/236

 216 UNIVERSITY PLACE. s 1 el PBO- FESSORS. S I ll OrJ. 40 41 57 76 82 87 83 44 21 21 25 11 25 28 52 41 85 88 80 89 36 8 16 89 58 Ext. 15 11 24 42 14 7 9 7 7 5 12 9 5 7 11 9 11 9 9 14 8 9 6 15 AUSTRIA. 1864 15S6 1672 1784 1784 1848 1365 1460 1334 1832 1158 17-20 1445 1812 1290 1548 2! 8 88 109 17 26 80 7 a 12 9 'e 12 10 15 10 5 6 13 12 14 10 15 70 76 60 46 140 114 227 68 70 72 63 80 88 46 20 86 42 78 65 56 47 45 66 51 81 82 69 563 884 527 1,031 2,296 1,824 3,228 153 285 840 488 78 218 836 115 101 285 l',12i 216 226 571 832 442 66 89 935 2,440 706 6,475 168 206 649 826 2,252 942 940 1,500 '766 500 600 400 600 800 1,200 563 1,480 973 811 475 400 600 1,000 1,800 257 1,400 (JratZ Pesth SWITZERLAND. Bagel ITALY. 1224 1222 1599 Pavia pi sa 1339 1245 1620 1820 1405 Siena Turin SPAIN. Barcelona 1531 1S36 15SO 1200 1504 1474 1502 1410 1346 1291 1614 1575 1636 1884 1S16 1317 1426 1478 1668 1477 1811 1632 1827 1814 1804 1884 1755 1865 1819 1816 1887 45 84 15 45 45 43 5!> 87 82 48 87 88 5 8 40 22 25 21 40 28 48 63 99 84 C4 61 76 80 100 120 89 75 Oviedo Salamanca Santiago Saragossa Seville Valencia Valladolid PORTUGAL. Coimbra NETHERLANDS. Leydcn Utrecht BELGIUM. Brussels . . Client Liege Louvain DENMARK. Copenhagen SWEDEN. Lund Upsal NORWAY. Christiania RUSSIA. Dorpat Helsingfors Kazan Kharkov... Kiev Moscow Odessa St. Petersburg. . . Warsaw GREECE. Athens See Crevier, Histoire de Vuniversite de Paris (7vols., Paris, 1761); Anthony a Wood, "His- UPAS TREE tory and Antiquities of the University of Ox- ford" (2vols., !792-'6); Maiden, "Origin of Universities and Academic Degrees" (12rao, London, 1835) ; De Viriville, Histoire des uni- versites en France (Paris, 1847) ; Bristed, "Five Years in an English University " (New York, 1852; new ed., 1874); Schaff, "Germany, its Universities," &c. (Philadelphia, 1857) ; Zarncke, Die deutschen Universitaten im Mit- telalter (Leipsic, 1867) ; Sybel, Die deutschen und die auswdrtigen Universit&ten (Bonn, 1868); Mullinger, "The University of Cam- bridge from the Earliest Times to 1535 " (Cam- bridge, 1873); and Hart, "German Univer- sities" (New York, 1874). UNTERWALDEN, a central canton of Switzer- land, bounded N. by Lucerne and Schwytz, E. by Uri, S. by Bern, and W. by Lucerne ; area, 295 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,116, of whom 25,- 687 were Roman Catholics. It is divided into Upper and Lower Unterwalden, the capital of the former, which is the western division, being Sarnen, and that of the latter Stanz. Much of the surface is covered by mountains, which traverse the canton in different directions, and in the south attain a height of upward of 10,- 000 ft. above the sea. The remainder consists of four principal valleys, which have a general slope toward Lake Lucerne on the N. frontier, into which the chief rivers, the Melch and the Aa, discharge nearly all the drainage of the canton. There are several small lakes, and about one fourth of the area of Lake Lucerne belongs to Unterwalden. The geological for- mation is chalk, and the canton is remarkable for a great number of caverns. Little of the land is level enough for agriculture, but the pastures are excellent, and cattle constitute the chief wealth of the inhabitants. There are ex- tensive forests. Apples, pears, and chestnuts are raised in great quantities. German is the language of the canton. The government is democratic, and every male inhabitant of 20 years and upward is entitled to vote. Unter- walden was one of the three original cantons of the Swiss confederation. UPAS TREE, a Javan tree belonging to the breadfruit family (artocarpets), which bota- nists now unite with the mulberry family (mo- rece). The native name of the tree is lohun upas, and its resinous and highly poisonous exudation is called antiar, a name used for the genus, antiaris; while this species (A. toxi- caria) is poisonous, others are innocuous. The tree reaches 100 ft. or more in height, with a straight trunk and a handsome rounded head ; the oblong or ovate leaves, 3 to 5 in. long, are much veined and downy ; the monoecious flowers are small and inconspicuous, the pistil- late being succeeded by an oval, purple drupe, in appearance like a small elongated plum. When the tree was first made known extra- ordinary stories were told about it on the au- thority of Foersch, a surgeon in the service of the Dutch East India company near the close of the 18th century; he represented that