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 UNIVERSITY 215 of Corfu, established by the earl of Guilford in 1823, has been suppressed since the union of the Ionian islands with Greece. A univer- sity was established in 1870 in Constantinople, with faculties of literature, law, and the natu- ral sciences and mathematics. It is superin- tended by a rector, and each faculty has a dean. Eoumania has two universities, at Bu- charest and Jassy respectively. In Servia the academy of Belgrade was in 1869 erected into a university, which in 1874 had 16 pro- fessors and 229 students. The university of Cairo (El-Ashar) is the principal Mohamme- dan place of education in the East. The in- struction includes grammar, arithmetic, alge- bra, logic, philosophy, and theology and law according to the four sects of the Sunnis. It has more than 300 teachers, and the number of students generally exceeds 9,000. The uni- versity of Valetta, Malta, founded in 1838, has faculties of theology, law, medicine, and arts. The Chinese have a national university (Kwoh- tsz 1 Kieri) at Peking, but little is known of its condition. Only the sons of officers of high rank are admitted to its courses, where they are educated at the expense of the government for particular service. The new scheme of education adopted in Japan provides for eight universities, but not all have yet been estab- lished. The imperial university in Tokio had in 1875 nearly 100 foreign professors. India has three universities, at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, with each of which are affiliated several colleges. The university of Calcutta has usually from 800 to 1,000 students, and those of Bombay and Madras about 500 each. They are all government institutions. Austra- lia has already three universities, those of Sydney (1852), Melbourne (1854), and Ade- laide (1874) ; and New Zealand has one at Dunedin (1871). The principal universities of the United States are described in this work in special articles, excepting when the name of the institution coincides with that of the place in which it is situated, when it is treated under that title. (See also COLLEGE, where they are included in the table, and EDUCATION.) The Johns Hopkins university, formally inaugura- ted in Baltimore on Feb. 22, 1876, will be conducted on the German system. It has an annual income, from the endowment of its ' founder, of $200,000. The principal Canadian universities are McGill university, in Montreal, founded in 1811, and the university of Toronto in Toronto, founded in 1827. Laval univer- sity, a Roman Catholic institution in Quebec, w^3 established in 1852. There are also sev- eral other denominational colleges called uni- versities, which are noticed in the articles on the several Canadian provinces. Most of the South American countries have universities, but few of them have attained eminence. The Argentine Republic has two, at Buenos Ayres and C6rdoba. The university of Chili, at San- tiago, was founded in 1842, to take the place of that of San Felipe, founded in 1783. It has faculties of law, medicine, pharmacy, and physical and mathematical sciences, and a school of art. Bolivia has three universities, at Sucre, La Paz, and Cochabamba, each of which has faculties of theology, law, medicine, mathematics and physics, and philosophy. They confer degrees of bachelor, licentiate, and doctor in all the faculties excepting medi- cine, in which only that of doctor is given. Brazil has excellent colleges in Rio de Janeiro, embracing all the faculties, but no established university. There are six universities in Peru, at Lima, Arequipa, Puno, Cuzco, Ayacucho, and Trujillo. Only that of Lima, which is the oldest in America, having been founded in 1551, is of consequence. Its faculties are full, and it is attended by a large number of stu- dents. Colombia has a university at' Bogota, and several inferior institutions in provincial cities. The university of Venezuela is at Cara- cas; it had full faculties and 19 professors in 1874. Of the Central American states, Costa Rica has a university at San Jose, and Nicara- gua two universities, one at Leon and one at Granada. In 1874 San Salvador voted to es- tablish a new university at San Miguel ; and in 1875 the university of Guatemala, in the city of Guatemala, was reorganized on the French plan. Mexico has now no univer- sity. In the following table the statistics of the German, Austrian, and Swiss universities are for 1874-'5, of the Italian for 1873, and of the others for years ranging from 1871 to 1875: PLACE. Pate of es- tablishment. PRO- FESSOBS.



Total students. Ord. Ext. ENGLAND. 1231 1888 1149 1494 1582 1451 1411 1592 1850 1810 1766 1702 1748 1457 1607 1784 1456 1694 1886 1558 11565 1544 1409 1527 1826 1419 1621 1477 1403 86 6 48 21 87 80 17 40 60 57 50 84 83 85 56 88 47 89 28 86 46 56 88 C9 28 54 44 89 75 8 100 '.'.'.'. Oxford SCOTLAND, 1,500 1,200 IRELAND. Dublin 59 26 21 11 6 10 28 11 25 28 18 6 9 48 7 10 8 14 12 4 69 19 82 8 9 10 80 10 21 86 29 18 22 48 16 86 7 12 24 15 188 102 108 58 48 65 109 59 98 99 70 60 77 152 61 115 88 80 60 58 1,800 1,000 1,824 724 1,087 414 818 840 991 465 969 C84 442 199 628 2,947 409 1,101 158 654 627 951 GERMANY. Berlin Halle Kiel Konigsberg Wurzburjr