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204 J. R. Bartlett; the “Races of Men and their Geographical Distribution,” by Charles Pickering; “Races of the Old World,” by C. L. Brace; and other works by Arnold Guyot, F. W. Redfield, T. Smyth, and A. Meigs. Intimately connected with this department are the works illustrating the origin and antiquities of the aboriginal tribes of America, the most important of which are the elaborate series by H. R. Schoolcraft, and more particularly his “Historical and Statistical Information” previously mentioned; the “American Antiquities and Researches into the Origin of the Red Race,” by A. W. Bradford; the “Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley,” by E. G. Squier and E. H. Davis; the “Aboriginal Monuments of the State of New York,” and the “Serpent Symbol,” by E. G. Squier; “Prehistoric Races of the United States,” by J. W. Foster; “The Native Races of the Pacific States,” by H. H. Bancroft, a work of great research and erudition, and almost of an exhaustive character; “The Myths of the New World,” by D. G. Brinton; “Ancient America,” by J. D. Baldwin, author also of “Prehistoric Nations;” and various writings by Albert Gallatin, J. L. Stephens, W. W. Turner, G. Catlin, and others.—The number of works devoted to travel and exploration is vastly in excess of that of either of the preceding periods. Among those illustrating European travel and scenery are “Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands,” by Mrs. Sigourney; “The Old World and the New,” by Orville Dewey; “Letters from Abroad,” by Miss Sedgwick; “A Year in Spain” and “Spain Revisited,” by A. S. Mackenzie; “Pencillings by the Way,” by N. P. Willis; “The Pilgrim in the Shadow of Mont Blanc,” by G. B. Cheever; “Six Months in Italy,” by G. S. Hillard; “Views Afoot” and other works by Bayard Taylor (born 1825), one of the most active and entertaining of modern travellers; “Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands,” by Mrs. Stowe; “Hungary in 1851,” “Home Life in Germany,” and “The Norse Folk,” by C. L. Brace; and many by Benjamin Silliman, W. C. Bryant, William Ware, Caleb Cushing, H. T. Cheever, J. T. Headley, Calvin Colton, Pliny Miles, S. I. Prime, Horace Greeley, H. T. Tuckerman, J. A. Dix, S. S. Cox, Mrs. Kemble, Mrs. Octavia W. Le Vert, Miss A. C. Johnson, and others. The most noticeable books upon Asia and Africa are the two series of “Biblical Researches in the Holy Land,” by Edward Robinson; “Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petrsea, and the Holy Land,” by J. L. Stephens; “The Land and the Book,” by W. H. Thomson; “The Pathways and Abiding Places of Our Lord,” by J. M. Wainwright; “Nile Notes of a Howadji” and “The Howadji in Syria,” by G. W. Curtis; “Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia” and “Tent Life in the Holy Land,” by W. C. Prime; “Yusef,” by J. Ross Browne; “The Middle Kingdom,” by S. Wells Williams; “Domestic Life of the Chinese,” by Justus

Doolittle; “W. H. Seward's Travels round the World;” Pumpelly's “Across America and Asia;” Henry M. Stanley's “How I found Livingstone;” and H. J. Van Lennep's “Pictures of Bible Lands;” besides others by Bayard Taylor, W. Colton, Horatio Southgate, Stephen Olin, S. I. Prime, R. B. Minturn, and Frank Vincent, jr. Among books of maritime adventure or travel are W. S. W. Ruschenberger's “Voyage round the World” and “Three Years in the Pacific;” R. H. Dana, jr.'s “Two Years before the Mast;” Walter Colton's “Deck and Port,” and other works; H. T. Cheever's “Island World of the Pacific;” H. A. Wise's “Los Gringos;” Herman Melville's “Redburn” and “White Jacket;” and Charles Nordhoff's “Man-of-War Life,” and other highly graphic narratives of a similar character. Of works relating to the United States, the most important are Irving's “Astoria” and “Tour on the Prairies,” which in point of style and interest are not inferior to anything he wrote; Timothy Flint's “Residence and Wanderings in the Valley of the Mississippi;” the various narratives of travel on the upper Mississippi by Schoolcraft; Bayard Taylor's “El Dorado;” the accurate and graphic “Journey in the Seaboard Slave States,” “Journey through Texas,” and “Journey in the Back Country,” by F. L. Olmsted; “Picturesque America,” a richly illustrated work, edited by W. C. Bryant; and many by George Catlin, G. W. Kendall, J. T. Headley, T. B. Thorpe, Horace Greeley, C. W. Webber, Sidney Andrews, and others. The geography and antiquities of Central America have been elaborately described by J. L. Stephens in his “Travels in Central America ” and “Incidents of Travel in Yucatan;” by E. G. Squier in his “Nicaragua” and “Notes on Central America;” and by B. M. Norman in his “Ruined Cities of Yucatan.” Among other works relating to the American hemisphere are F. F. Helton's “New Granada;” C. S. Stewart's “Brazil and La Plata;” Thomas Ewbank's “Life in Brazil;” “Brazil and the Brazilians,” by D. P. Kidder and J. C. Fletcher; John Bigelow's “Jamaica in 1850;” R. B. Kimball's “Letters from Cuba” and “Cuba and the Cubans;” W. H. Hurlbert's “Gan Eden, or Pictures of Cuba;” R. H. Dana, jr.'s “To Cuba and Back;” F. S. Cozzens's “Acadia;” Agassiz's “Journey in Brazil;” C. F. Hartt's “Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil;” and James Orton's “The Andes and Amazon.” A peculiar and important class of books of travel has resulted from the explorations undertaken at various times by the United States government, with a view of adding to the general stock of geographical knowledge, or of developing the resources of its own territory. The most elaborate of these is the “Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition around the World,” by Capt. Charles Wilkes, in five volumes; and of not less importance to the cause of geographical science