Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XVI.djvu/17

 TROUVILLE TROY of 15 Ibs. ; it is shorter and stouter than the salmon, yellowish brown above, passing to yellow on the sides, and silvery below, the back spotted with reddish brown and the sides with bright red ; the young are transversely banded ; deformed specimens are frequently seen. The colors are brightest in rapid streams with rocky or gravelly bottom ; the flavor is finest from the end of May to the end of Sep- tember, soon after which the spawning season begins. This species is highly prized by an- glers, and especially fly-fishers. As it is fond of swiftly running waters, and swims almost always against the current, the bait must be thrown up stream. The eggs are deposited in nests or holes in the sand, as with the salmon. The gray trout of the North American great lakes, from the northern United States to the Arctic ocean, is the S. namayvush of Valen- ciennes, and the salmo amethystus of Mitchill and De Kay; it is called togue by the Cana- dian lumbermen, and from its size and vora- city the tyrant of the lakes ; it is greenish ashy above with yellowish gray spots, and below white with bluish reflections ; the average weight is 12 to 20 Ibs., though it attains some- times more than twice this size. The siskiwit (8. siscowet, Ag.) belongs to the genus salar (Val.) ; it is of large size, stout and thick, of a rich flavor, but so fat as to be almost unfit for food ; for description and figure see Agas- siz's "Lake Superior," p. 333 (8vo, Boston, 1850). The trout, both in Europe and Amer- ica, is a favorite subject for pisciculture, from the ease with which artificial fecundation of the eggs can be effected ; but it has as yet been practised here on a small scale only; the labor and expense attending a large vivarium of trout are very small, while the remuneration may be made very large. For an illustrated account of the manner of hatching trout arti- ficially, see "American Naturalist," vol. iii., p. 202, and vol. iv., p. 601 (1870). TROCVILLE, a French watering place, in the department of Calvados, Normandy, prettily situated at the foot of a hill near a forest, at the mouth of the Touques in the English chan- nel, 107 m. W. N. W. of Paris; pop. in 1872, 5,761 . Until recently it was a small fishing vil- lage. The bathing season begins in June, and lasts till the middle of October. Deauville, a rival watering place, is on the opposite bank. TROVER (Fr. trouver, to find), the name of an action at law in common use in England and in the United States, to determine the ownership of property. The plaintiff declares, in substance, that he was lawfully possessed of a certain article on a certain day, and lost the same ; that it came into the possession of the defendant by finding ; and that the defendant has refused to deliver it to the plaintiff, and has converted it to his own use. This action is one form of trespass on the case. (See TEES- PASS.) In the distant age when it was first used, the declaration may have narrated accu- rately the facts of the case ; but for a long time the losing and finding have been regarded as mere legal fictions, which the defendant is not at liberty to deny. The action is main- tainable : 1, where the property in question is a personal chattel ; 2, where the plaintiff had a general or special property in the thing with a right of possession ; 3, where the defendant has wrongfully converted the thing to his own use, which conversion may be proved by his wrongful taking of it, or his wrongful deten- tion of it, or his wrongful use or misuse of it. The action demands not the thing itself, but damages for the wrongful conversion ; and if the plaintiff recovers, the damages should be measured by the value of the thing at the time of the conversion, with interest, and the judg- ment is for these damages and costs. THOWBRIDGE, John Townsend, an American author, born in Ogden, Monroe co., N. Y.. Sept. 18, 1827. At the age of 20 he went to Boston, connected himself with the public press, and became known as a writer of popu- lar stories. With Lucy Larcom he edited " Our Young Folks" till January, 1874. He has published " Father Brighthopes, or an Old Clergyman's Vacation," "Burr Cliff, its Sun- shine and its Clouds," and " Hearts and Faces " (1853); "Martin Merrivale, his X Mark" (1854); "Iron Thorpe" (1855); "Neighbor Jackwood " (1857) ; " The Old Battle Ground " (1859) ; " The Drummer Boy ; " " The Vaga- bonds" (1863, and with other poems, 1869); " Cudjo's Cave " (1864) ; " The Three Scouts " (1865) ; " Lucy Arlyn," " Coupon Bonds," and " The South : a Tour of its Battle Fields and Ruined Cities" (1866); "Neighbors' Wives" (1867); "The Story of Columbus" (1869); " Laurence's Adventures " (1870) ; " Jack Hazard and his Fortunes " (1871) ; " A Chance for Himself" (1872); " Doing his Best " (1873); "Fast Friends" (1874); and "The Young Surveyor" (1875). TROY (TEOJA), the name of an ancient city in the N. W. part of Asia Minor, applied also to its territory. The latter, generally known as the Troad (Troas), comprised for a time the coast lands on the Propontis, Hellespont, ^Egean sea, and Adramyttian gulf, as far E. as the river Rhodius, the Granicus, or even the ^Esepus, but later, according to Strabo, only the region from the promontory of Lectum to the Hellespont. The city of Troy, also called Ilium (*I/lw), according to the Homeric poems, was situated at the foot of Mt. Ida, far enough from the sea to allow of the movements of two large armies, and in a position which com- manded a view of the plain before it and of a smaller one behind it. In front of it were two rivers, the Simoi's and Scamander, flowing par- allel for some distance, which united and emp- tied into the Hellespont, between the promon- tories of Sigeum and Rhceteum. This city, the existence of which is attested only by the traditions of the Trojan war, must be distin- guished from the Ilium of history, which, according to Strabo, was founded about the