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 TORONTO 801 the benchers of the law society. There are churches, the principal of which are St. les's cathedral, commenced in 1852, and re- itly completed by the erection of a spire 316 ft. high, at a cost of about $220,000; St. Mi- chael's cathedral, Roman Catholic ; the Metro- Eolitan church, Methodist, costing $100,000; t. Andrew's, church of Scotland, $80,000; and the Baptist church. The two principal markets are the St. Lawrence and the St. Andrew's, the latter just completed. Toronto has railroad communication with the United es and with the principal points of the >vinces of Ontario and Quebec by means the Grand Trunk, the Great Western, the Torthern, the Toronto, Grey, and Bruce, and Toronto and Nipissing lines. The imports the year ending June 30, 1874, were $14,- 16,824, and for the next year $14,436,091. The official returns of exports show in each of these years less than $1,900,000, but they are imper- fect. The customs revenue collected in the first of these years was $1,967,997 60, and in the last $1,293,644 34. The value of manufactures ac- cording to the census of 1871 was $13,686,093, the chief items being furniture, boots and shoes, rail cars, ale, and whiskey. There are five banks having their headquarters in the city, and branches of five Quebec and Montreal banks. Besides the Toronto savings bank, the assistant receiver general's office, a branch of the Dominion treasury department, receives money on loan at interest ; and there are nu- merous loan societies. The city is divided into eight wards, each of which annually elects four aldermen, who are vested with legislative and executive powers, and can act as magistrates if possessed of a legal property qualification. The I - University of Toronto. ivor is annually elected by a vote of the rate lyers. The assessed value of the real and rsonal property (not counting stocks in pub- companies) in 1873 was $44,765,000; in T4, $43,462,512 ; in 1875. about $46,000,000. taxes in 1874 yielded $608,475. The mded debt is about $5,000,000 ; and at the of 1874 there was $258,293 to the credit the sinking fund. The city has a fire alarm egraph, a paid fire department, and street Iways. The water works, which the cor- ration recently acquired from a private indi- lual, are undergoing improvement and ex- ision, at a cost that will exceed $2,000,000. e water is taken from the lake, and the sand the island, across which it passes, is made act as a filtering basin ; the filtered water jn passes across the bay in sunken pipes, jmd pumped up to a reservoir on a height X. of city. Among the charitable institutions are the asylum for the insane, supported by grants of the provincial legislature, and accom- modating about 700 patients; the city hos- pital, the resources of which, arising from an endowment of public lands, are supplemented by an annual legislative grant ; a boys' home and a girls' home, for unprotected children ; a news- boys' home ; a home for female servants out of employment ; a house of industry ; a Protestant orphan asylum ; and the house of providence, belonging to the Catholics, and mainly support- ed by them. There are a number of common schools, supported at a cost of about $40,000 a year, besides Roman Catholic separate schools. St. Michael's college (Roman Catholic) has not, like Trinity college, university powers. There are no strictly public libraries, but several semi-public ones, including the legislative li- brary; the library in the normal school, in- tended for the council of public instruction ;