Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/830

 800 TORGAU TORONTO America, the most important is Hittoria Berum Norvegicarum (4 vols. fol., 1711). TORGAP, a town of Prussia, in the province of Saxony, on the left bank of the Elbe, 26 in. S. E. of Wittenberg; pop. in 1871, 10,867. The principal public building is the Hartenfels palace, containing a church consecrated by Luther, whose wife, Katharina von Bora, died here. It has manufactories of linen and wool- len goods and a brass foundery. The elector of Saxony and the landgrave of Plesse conclu- ded here a league for the defence of the refor- mation, March, 1526. In 1576 a conference of Protestant theologians, assembled by the elector Augustus, elaborated here the " Book of Torgau," which formed the basis of the Concordice Formula. The town was nearly destroyed in the thirty years' war. In the seven years' war Frederick the Great here de- feated the Austrians under Daun, Nov. 3, 1760. Napoleon was the original builder (1810) of the present strong fortifications. Torgau was surrendered to the Germans in January, 1814, after a siege of several months, during which more than 25,000 French soldiers died of ty- phus fever. TORLOMA, llessandro, prince of Civitella Cesi, Musignano, Oanino, and Farnese, marquis of Roma Vecchia and Torrita, an Italian capi- talist, born in Rome, June 1, 1800. He is the youngest and most enterprising son of Giovanni Torlonia (born in Siena in 1754, died in Rome, Feb. 25, 1829), who was originally a small shop- keeper, and became a banker of great wealth and influence, and duke of Bracciano. Ales- sandro increased his patrimony by taking long leases of the salt and tobacco monopolies in the Papal and Neapolitan states, and by other prof- itable transactions. He became the principal holder of real estate in the city and province of Rome, filled his palace and villa with fine works of art, and rendered many important services to the pope. He has made extensive excavations, and his collection of antiquities is said to rank next to that of the Vatican. The most remarkable of his public enterprises is the draining of Lake Fucino. TORNA, a N. county of Hungary, border- ing on the counties of Zips, Abauj, Borsod, and Gomor; area, 239 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 23,126, chiefly Magyars and Roman Catholics. It is watered by the Bodva, which receives the Torna. The soil is mostly rocky and sterile ; the principal products are hemp and wine. About three sevenths of the area is wooded. Capital, Torna, TORNADO. See HURRICANE. TORNEA (Swed. Torneti). I. A river of Eu- rope, having its source in Lake Tornea-Triisk, in Sweden, and falling into the gulf of Bothnia after a course of about 240 m. It forms part of the boundary between Sweden and Russia. II* A town of Finland, Russia, in the liin or government of Uleaborg, at the mouth of the Tornea river ; lat. 65 50' N., Ion. 24 14' E. ; pop. about 700. It has a considerable trade in timber, fish, furs, reindeer skins, tar, &c. Many travellers visit Tornea to see the mid- night sun, visible here from the church steeple in the latter part of June. Most of them pro- ceed to Mt. Avasaksa, about 40 m. N., which offers a more advantageous view. Observations for determining the figure of the earth were made at Tornea by Maupertuis in 1736-'7, and by Prof. Svanberg of Upsal in 1801-'3. TORONTlL, a S. county of Hungary, bor- dering on the counties of Csongrad, Csanad, Temes, and Bacs, and on Slavonia; area, 2,650 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 413,010, chiefly Magyars and Roumans. It is watered by the Maros, Theiss, B6ga, and Temes. The climate is un- healthf ul, but the soil is very fertile. The chief products are wheat, maize, melons, flax, rice, tobacco, and wine. Many sheep and horses are raised. Capital, Nagy-Becskerek. TORONTO, a city, port of entry, and the capi- tal of Ontario, Canada, county seat of York co., on the N. shore of Lake Ontario, 310 m. S. W. of Montreal and 36 m. N. E. of Hamilton ; lat. 43 39' N., Ion. 79 21' W. ; pop. in 1861, 44,- 821 ; in 1871, 56,092. The bay S. of the city is formed by an island, and is about 3 m. long and 2 m. wide. The river Don, which falls into the bay on the east, is not navigable. The site of the city rises gradually from the water and extends back about 2 m., connecting on the north with the villages of Yorkville and Seaton, and on the east with Lesslieville, all of which, except in name, form part of the city. The corporation limits include more than 5,000 acres. The Queen's park, in the centre of the N. part of the city, contains over 35 acres ; the jail farm is to be converted into a park in the east ; and a few miles W. of the present cor- poration limits, on Humber bay, 300 acres has been secured for a park. The streets intersect at right angles. The buildings in the chief business streets are of brick, white or red, or of cut stone ; and whole streets of fine resi- dences of white brick have been built up with- in a few years, while other streets are occupied chiefly with wooden structures. Among the public buildings are Toronto university and University college building, the finest in the province, erected in 1859 at a cost of about $900,000 ; the government house, the official residence of the governor of Ontario ; the cus- tom house and the post office; the Grand opera house and the Royal opera house, each capable of seating over 1,500 persons; the central prison, which cost nearly $500,000 ; the city hall and St. Lawrence hall ; Trinity college, a church of England institution ; Knox's college, a Free church theological insti- tution, just completed at a cost of about $80,- 000 ; the college of technology ; the normal school buildings; the legislative buildings, in which also are some of the executive depart- ments; Upper Canada college, a preparatory school for University college ; and Osgoode hall, the seat of the principal law and equity courts of the province and the headquarters