Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume XV.djvu/798

 768 TIRABOSCHI TISCHENDORF has a level surface and fertile soil. Its S. E. corner is intersected by the Louisville and Nashville and Great Southern railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 30,679 bushels of wheat, 446,771 of Indian corn, 18,681 of oats, 12,104 of Irish and 18,380 of sweet pota- toes, 74,777 Ibs. of butter, and 10,052 bales of cotton. There were 1,879 horses, 1,851 mules and asses, 2,784 milch cows, 4,315 other cat- tle, 4,675 sheep, and 20,240 swine. Capital, Covington. II. A central county of Indiana, drained by Cicero creek and other streams ; area, 280 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,953. The surface is level and the soil fertile. It is inter- sected by the Indianapolis, Peru, and Chicago, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and St. Louis railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 149,822 bushels of wheat, 357,835 of Indian corn,- 21,487 of oats, 25,413 of potatoes, 30,648 Ibs. of wool, 179,905 of butter, and 4,892 tons of hay. There were 2,967 horses, 2,059 milch cows, 3,691 other cattle, 10,762 sheep, and 11,835 swine; 1 flour mill, 14 saw mills, and 1 woollen factory. Capital, Tipton. TIRABOSCHI, Girolamo, an Italian author, born in Bergamo, Dec. 28, 1731, died in Modena, June 3, 1794. He was educated in the Jesuit college of Monza, became a Jesuit, and about 1766 was appointed professor of rhetoric in the university of Milan. In 1770 he was made librarian of the duke of Modena. His Storia della letteratura italiana (13 vols., Modena, 1772-'83 ; best ed., 16 vols., Milan, 1822-'6) extends from the earliest times to the end of the 17th century. Tiraboschi was also the author of many other literary, historical, and biographical works. TIRESIAS, a Greek soothsayer, born in Thebes, the son of Eueres and Chariclo, and fabled to have lived through nine generations of men, but blind from his seventh year. His loss of sight was ascribed by one account to the fact that he disclosed to mortals what they should not know; by another, to his having seen Minerva bathing, who blinded him by sprink- ling water upon him. In compensation, she gave him a staff by which he could guide his steps as safely as by sight, and ability to un- derstand the voices of birds and thus know futurity. His oracle was at Orchomenus. TIRYNS, one of the oldest cities of Greece, in Argolis, the site of which is 2 m. N, of Nauplia. The name is supposed to be an an- cient form of Tbppi?, a tower or castle. It was founded by Prretus, and said to have been sur- rounded with walls by the Cyclops. These walls are the finest existing specimens of the military architecture of the heroic age of 'Greece. The ruins at present occupy the lowest hill of several which rise out of the plain, and the entire circuit of the walls en- closing the citadel is still preserved to some -extent, being from 20 to 25 ft. wide and 350 yards in circumference. On the E. side of the hill are two towers, and the S. E. part of the has a remarkable covered gallery 36 ft. long and 5 ft. broad. In 468 B. C. Tiryns was entirely destroyed by the Argives. TISCHBEIN, Johann Heinrich Wilhclm, a German painter, born at Haina, Feb. 15, 1751, died at Eutin, Oldenburg, July 26, 1829. He was one of a family of painters, resided several years in Rome, and was director of the academy of Naples from 1790 to 1799, when he returned to Germany. He excelled in drawing animals, but is chiefly known by illustrated works, in- cluding Tetes de differents animaux dessinees d^apres nature (2 vols. fol., Naples, 1796) ; "A Collection of Ancient Vases, &c., in the posses- sion of Sir William Hamilton" (4 vols. fol., Naples, 1790-1804, with 214 plates, engraved from Tischbein's designs) ; and Homer nach Antiken gezeichnet, with explanations by Heyne (fol., Gottingen, 1801-'4). TISCHENDORF, Lobegott (Latinized ^ENOTHE- us) Friedrtch Constantin von, a German Biblical palaeographer, born at Lengenfeld in the Voigt- land, Saxony, Jan. 18, 1815, died in Leipsic, Dec. Y, 1874. From 1834 to 1838 he studied philology and theology at Leipsic, where he published two prize essays: Doctrina Pauli Apostoli de Vi Mortis Christi satisfactoria (1837), and Disputatio de Christo Pane Vita (1839), and a volume of poems entitled Mai- Tcnospen (1838). He was for a year and a half a private teacher in the neighborhood of Leip- sic, at which time he wrote Der junge Mysti- ker, a novel, published under the pseudonyme of Dr. Fritz. Devoting himself thereafter to textual criticism, he returned to Leipsic, wrote an essay on Matt. xix. 16, and a severe criti- cism of" the published texts of the New Testa- ment, with special reference to the edition of Scholz, and in 1841 published his own edition of the Greek Testament, embodying the vari- ous readings of the textus receptm. The years 1841-'4 were in great part spent by him in visiting the various libraries of Europe for the purpose of collating, copying, and pub- lishing the most important New Testament manuscripts in their possession. In 1844, 1853, and 1859 he made journeys through the East, visiting numerous libraries and monas- teries of Asia Minor, Palestine, the Sinaitic peninsula, and Egypt. He published accounts of two of these journeys, Reise in den Orient (Leipsic, 1845-'6), and Am dem heiligen Lande (1862). With the exception of the last jour- ney, which he made under the auspices of the emperor of Russia, he received pecuniary assis- tance for his travels from the Saxon govern- ment. In 1842, while at Paris, he prepared an edition of the New Testament intended for the use of Catholics, giving the Latin Vulgate and a Greek text, rendered as far as possible con- formable to it, in parallel columns. lie pub- lished also in the same year a Greek text dif- fering very little from his earlier Leipsic edi- tion. In 1843 appeared the New Testament portion of his publication of the Ephraem palimpsest of the 5th century. Two years later, when the remainder of this edition was